Below, I survey some important early work. Auer 1998: 3). code switching has been investigated in terms of its linguistic and social dimensions (e.g., Aguirre, 1985; Gumperz, 1977; Jacobson, 1990; Zentella, 1997), the use of code switching in writing and writing-related academic contexts has received less attention (Callahan, 2004). codeswitching. They are situational code switching and metaphorical code switching. Transactional code-switching comes under the heading of the type of switching most commonly discussed as being controlled by components of the speech event such as topic and participants. In sociolinguistics a variety, also called a lect, is a specific form of a language or language cluster Example of metaphorical code switching. Gumperz (1972). Firstly, the writer will explain about metaphorical switching in discussed of social typologies are the categories âsituational code switchingâ and âmetaphorical code switchingâ described by Blom & Gumperz (1972), and later expanded and modified by Gumperz (1982) in terms of âconversational code switching.â Gumperz (1982) and others (e.g. Situational code switching occurs when speakers change code between different situations or settings without requiring of changing topic. 2.4 Metaphorical Switching In code switching, there are two other terms called metaphorical switching and situational switching. metaphorical switching (see below). Bloom &Gumperz (1972) classifies the types of code switching based on contextual/ pragmatic approach. and metaphorical code switching that is still a point of depar- ture for most researchers. The data shows only situational code switching that appears in the movie. This may include languages, dialects, registers, styles, or other forms of language, as well as a standard variety. In situational switching, a change of language signals a change in the definition of the speech event, involving âclear changes in the participantsâ definition of each otherâs rights and the points within a sentence at which the transition from one language to the other is possible. Hymes and Gumperz (1973) distinguished between metaphorical and situational codeswitching. metaphorical switching. code-switching constraints, i.e. According to Blom & Gumpers, situational code-switching involves change of topic, participants, as well as setting of a conversation; on the other hand, metaphorical code-switching entails different conversational purposes such as to reject, to apologize or to complain. It means that all of the switching happens because of the change of situations. Metaphorical codeswitching, on the other hand, Myers-Scotton 1993b; Zentella 1997) have used the competence in situational and metaphorical switching is attained well before intrasentential switching norms are established. Beside this merely systematic aspect, there is a third approach to code-switching ⦠However, by 1972 the term âcode switchingâ was well attested in the literature, and several studies in linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics prefigured later code switching research in sociocultural linguistics. This approach can be described as the grammatical approach to code-switching (cf. concepts of âtransactionalâ and âmetaphoricalâ switching (also referred to as situational and non-situational code-switching). 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