High in the Himalayas of India, amid the snow-capped peaks, nestles a mystery. The New Yorker may earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased through our site as part of our Affiliate Partnerships with retailers. Biomolecular analysis unpicks human story of Himalayan skeleton lake. Lot 17 Block 7 Plan 1421658, Boyle, Alberta T0A0M0 . To the north is a vast wall of Himalayan peaks, some of the highest in the world. [14] Those findings counter the theory that the individuals died in a single catastrophic event. She believed that the nomads from the Caspian steppes imposed a male-dominated warrior culture of violence, sexual inequality, and social stratification, in which women were subservient to men and a small number of élite males accumulated most of the wealth and power. Carbon dating, still an unreliable innovation, indicated that the bones were between five hundred and eight hundred years old. [3] The human skeletal remains are visible at its bottom when the snow melts. People in the villages below Roopkund had their own explanation, passed down in folk songs and stories. Her role was to analyze the Roopkund DNA, wrangle the worldwide team, assemble the results, and write the resulting paper as its lead author. 32:10. Not only did the mystery of Roopkund appear to be solved; it also seemed that the local tales of Nanda Devi’s wrath had originated in an actual event. Stray DNA molecules from people who handled the remains can ruin an entire sample. Boyle, North Central Alberta. रूपकुंड में एक खतरनाक खोज A careful excavation, she believes, might solve the mystery, especially if it is able to plumb the lake itself. This story is retold in “Mountain Goddess,” a 1991 book by the American anthropologist William Sax. By adopting the wheel and the horse, they became powerful and fearsome nomads, expanding westward into Europe as well as east- and southward into India. Several large Indian cities have Armenian communities that go back centuries. [5] Because of the human remains, the lake has been called Skeleton Lake in recent times. Roopkund is a popular trekking destination. It is located in the County of Athabasca, 160 km northeast of the city of Edmonton and 6.5 km northeast of the village of Boyle. But such an ideal burial ground wouldn’t have the eerie appeal of Skeleton Lake in Uttarakhand, India, where researchers suspect the bones of as many as 500 people lie. How we became obsessed with UFOs. When a team from National Geographic retrieved about 30 skeletons in 2003, flesh was still attached to some of them. Roopkund is better off known as The skeleton lake due to the presence of an enormous grave that holds about 300 to 600 skeletons. In his writings, known only from secondary sources, Scylax called the river Indos, from which the English name for the subcontinent derives. High in the Himalayas of India, amid the snow-capped peaks, nestles a mystery. The same Y-chromosome turnover is also found in Americans of African descent. The lake, some thought, was a place where holy men committed ritual suicide. “Anthropologists and geneticists are two groups speaking different languages and getting to know each other.” Research into human origins and the differences between populations is always vulnerable to misuse. It's these that give the lake its other name, Skeleton Lake, (In Hindi, roop kund means “beautifully shaped lake.”) Almost as soon as Sax and his companions arrived, they were engulfed by a blizzard and stumbled around the bone-strewn cirque in whiteout conditions, calling for one another and nearly adding their own bodies to the charnel ground. The pits into which they are said to have sunk are still visible high on a mountainside. This discovery has revolutionized the world of ancient history ever since 1942, when a park ranger came across this mass deposition of bones. 08 Oct 2013. But a recent landslide had exposed a cache of fresh bones and artifacts. Since the study was published, one of the most determined investigators of the mystery has been a recently retired archeologist named Stuart Fiedel, whose main research focus is the migration of Paleo-Americans into the New World from Asia. The team members of the Roopkund study planned a variety of tests for the bones. It’s long been known that, from around 2500 to 2000 B.C., major new artistic and cultural styles flourished in Western and Central Europe. Under sterile conditions, the scientists in Hyderabad drilled into long bones and teeth, producing a powder. The dead, it appeared, were most likely pilgrims. The ‘Skeleton Lake’ Mystery Deepens after Surprising Results of DNA Tests Aug 31, 2019 Ian Harvey On the Indian side of the Himalayas over sixteen thousand feet above sea level lies “Skeleton lake” where a large group of ancient human bones are scattered about at Roopkund Lake… But his research showed that as recently as eight thousand years ago there were at least four distinct groups of Europeans, as genetically different from one another as the British are from the Chinese today, some with brown skin color. Bones had been stolen; others had been rearranged in fanciful patterns or piled in cairns. Bone and tissue samples were sent to Oxford University for carbon dating. Noting that nothing of value was found on the bodies, he speculated that the travellers were killed by Thuggees, a cult of robbers and murderers whose fearsome reputation in British India gave us the word “thug.” Thuggees were said to attach themselves to travellers or groups of pilgrims, gaining their trust and then robbing and murdering them on a remote stretch of road. The symbolism of the trek reflects Nanda Devi’s trip to her home, and each person on the pilgrimage is escorting and helping her get there. [1], Local legend says that the King of Kanauj, Raja Jasdhaval, with his pregnant wife, Rani Balampa, their servants, a dance troupe and others went on a pilgrimage to Nanda Devi shrine, and the group faced a storm with large hailstones, from which the entire party perished near Roopkund Lake. Archeologists have tended to explain this development as the result of cultural diffusion: people adopted innovations in pottery, metalworking, and weaponry from their geographic neighbors, along with new burial customs and religious beliefs. Skeleton Lake is a local and regional focal point for water-based recreation.Consequently, this popular lake is quite extensively developed and is used each year by hundreds of Albertans. Since its discovery, the now infamous Lake Roopkund has attracted huge intrigue over who the roughly 500 skeletons once were, and … and Harvard, the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, and the Anthropological Survey of India, where many of the Roopkund bones reside. After anything is touched in the room, the outer pair of gloves must be stripped off and a fresh pair put on, in order to prevent the transfer of DNA from surface to surface. The Spanish conquest of the Americas produced human suffering on a grotesque scale—war, mass murder, rape, slavery, genocide, starvation, and pandemic disease. To revisit this article, select My Account, then View saved stories. as a long-serving regional history myself, i owe a huge debt of gratitude to bert shea, for the two important books he wrote on his family heritage, and the chronicle of watt township, the logging industry in muskoka, and social, cultural history as it prevailed in that pioneer hamlet bordering the shore of three mile lake, in the present township of muskoka lakes. Not long before the COVID-19 pandemic shut down the U.S., I visited Reich at Harvard Medical School. All rights reserved. People living in the area have long known about Skeleton Lake. It's these that give the lake its other name, Skeleton Lake, and no one knows how the remains came to be there. 'Skeleton lake' located 16,000ft up in the Himalayas is filled with some 'Mediterranean migrants' e-mail; 213. shares. “Whether we like it or not, people are measuring average differences among groups,” he said. Oct 27, 2014 - Discover Skeleton Lake of Roopkund, India in Chamoli, India: A lake with hundreds of ancient skeletons surrounding it. Skeleton Lake is approximately 21.0 km2 in surface area. “We have sampled three hundred different groups in India, and there’s nothing there even close to Roopkund B.”. Genetic science was vital in discrediting racist biological theories and establishing that racial categories are ever-shifting social constructs that do not align with genetic variation. The mysterious skeletons of Roopkund Lake in Uttarakhand contain bones from an enigmatic group of eastern Mediterranean people that travelled to the … Login / Register. Roopkund's skeletons were featured in a National Geographic documentary, "Riddles of the Dead: Skeleton Lake". MLS® #E4210385 Beautiful and immaculate custom built bi-level at Skeleton Lake. Archaeologists say hundreds of people died there across a period of around 1,000 years. Personnel pass through a dressing area, where they don a full-body clean suit with booties and hood, double pairs of nitrile gloves (the inner one sealed to the suit with tape around the wrists), a hairnet, a face mask, and a plastic shield. IMAGE: Brenna Buck. Discover Skeleton Lake of Roopkund, India in Chamoli, India: A lake with hundreds of ancient skeletons surrounding it. That’s because, one, there is no documented presence of any substantial Greek communities in northern India at those times, and, two, there is no record of Europeans converting to Hinduism or Buddhism in those periods.”, He sent Harney and Reich a string of e-mails proposing alternatives to the Mediterranean theory. An unpublished anthropological survey from several years ago studied five skeletons and estimated they were 1,200 years old. And then there was the stubborn fact that the Roopkund B people ate a diet more consistent with the Mediterranean than with India. Now a professor at Heidelberg University, he stumbled upon a reference to the lake and the bodies as an undergraduate, in the nineteen-seventies, and was fascinated. From it's early origins to it's first settlers and the generations that followed, the goal is to produce a complete compendium of all that is known about Skeleton Lake. When the snow and ice melted that summer, many more were visible through the clear water, lying on the bottom. Members of the Kalash tribe, in northern Pakistan, claim to be descendants of Alexander’s soldiers. There are fewer cultural barriers to handling human biological materials than in many parts of the world, and Indian scientists have eagerly pursued research into the peopling of the subcontinent. Check it out! AllClassifieds.ca. The Roopkund A individuals probably died in three or possibly four incidents between 700 and 950 A.D. A person who eats a diet of C3 plants, such as wheat, barley, and rice, will have isotope ratios of carbon in their bones different from those of a person eating a diet high in millets, which are C4. “And if they are Greek people we should get some artifacts or tools or something which we can trace back to Greece.”, And what of Nanda Devi? 1 - 19 of 19 properties. They were unrelated to one another and genetically diverse, apparently coming from various areas and groups in India. [15] It is reported that tourists visiting the area are in the habit of taking back the bones in large numbers and the district administration has expressed the need to protect the area. One-third of three hundred, the lower estimate of the Roopkund dead, is a hundred people. It is the DNA of billions of microbes that colonized the body during the decomposition after death. [14], There is a growing concern about the regular loss of skeletons and it is feared that, if steps are not taken to conserve them, the skeletons may gradually vanish in the years to come. Along with the skeletons, wooden artifacts, iron spearheads, leath… This discovery has revolutionized the world of ancient history ever since 1942, when a park ranger came across this mass deposition of bones. (Page of tag Skeleton Lake) The light is shut off when the lab is occupied, because it burns human skin and eyes. In 1956, the Anthropological Survey of India, in Calcutta, sponsored several expeditions to Roopkund to investigate. Lake Roopkund is located in northern India along the border of Nepal at 4,800 meters (~16,000 ft) above sea level with edges covered in snow for most of the year. Attempting to answer what exactly happened at the so called ‘Skeleton Lake’ over a thousand years ago. 50.6k views. Then, at fifteen thousand feet, it goes over a pass and up a series of switchbacks through scree to Roopkund. Mystery of Skeleton Lake solved: Scientists reveal bones found around edges of Indian lake belonged to hundreds of 9th century tribesmen who died in freak hail storm DNA this old breaks up into short strands. Nature had added to the confusion, churning and fracturing the bones with rock slides and avalanches. Roopkund (locally known as Mystery Lake or Skeletons Lake) is a high altitude glacial lake in the Uttarakhand state of India.It lies in the lap of Trishul massif. Because carbon-14 dating is difficult to interpret for the period between 1650 and 1950, the deaths could have occurred anytime during that span, but with a slightly higher probability in the eighteenth century. Almost none of the skeletons were intact, and it was impossible to tell which bones belonged together or where they had originally lain. My great-grandparents were John (Jack) and Frances Catlin. No comments. Every year, when the snow melts, one can see hundreds of scattered skulls. The body was intact and still had skin and flesh. Roopkund (locally known as Mystery Lake or Skeletons Lake)[1] is a high altitude glacial lake in the Uttarakhand state of India. The women consider themselves to be keepers of the goddess’s memory, and Sax had recorded and translated many of their songs and stories of the pilgrimage. Olympic history. Skeleton lake property for sale. Devotees of Nanda Devi carry parasols and wear bangles on the pilgrimage. Following the work done on the Stewardship and Lake Plan, the SLCO embarked upon an ambitious project to document and publish a history of our Lake. Discover Skeleton Lake of Roopkund, India in Chamoli, India: A lake with hundreds of ancient skeletons surrounding it. ♦. Exhausted and feverish, Sax barely made it back to Wan with his companions, and spent ten days recovering in his guide’s stone hut. At first, British authorities feared that the skeletons represented casualties of a hidden Japanese invasion force, but it was found that the skeletons were far too old to be Japanese soldiers. The first women's bobsleigh event - the two-woman bobsled - was held in 2002. Completing the pilgrimage in this way is a sign that the goddess favors you and wants you to survive. (She has since taken a job as a postdoctoral researcher at the genomics firm 23andMe.) Analysis of the femur bones of 38 individuals found at Roopkund Lake (aka Skeleton Lake), in India, revealed that people from different areas of the world and different time periods either died or were laid to rest at the lake. Located in the Himalayas, the area around the lake is uninhabited and is roughly at an altitude of 16,470 feet (5,020 m),[1] surrounded by rock-strewn glaciers and snow-clad mountains. The surprise is what killed them. Yet his passion for the place was undimmed. Besides, even if these bones were proved to have been mislabelled, that would merely create another mystery: how did a bunch of eighteenth-century Greek bones get into a storage vault in India? The lone person of Southeast Asian ancestry in Roopkund C died around the same time. The surprise is what killed them. We would like to hear from anyone who has an interest in the Lake and a memory or a photo to share - perhaps of your cottage, or one of the old resorts, the camps, or the campgrounds around the lake. Roopkund is a glacial lake located at an altitude of about 5,029 metres in Uttarakhand, a state in India. In 1924, a four-man race took place at the first ever Olympic Winter Games in Chamonix. Vials of this were sent to Harvard and to other labs in India, the United States, and Germany. Armenians travelled widely in Tibet, India, and Nepal during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, trading in pearls, amber, and deer musk, a precious ingredient in perfume. When the carbon-dating results came back, there was another surprise: there appeared to have been multiple mass-death events at Roopkund. When William Sax learned of the results, he was incredulous. For the time being, Roopkund holds its secrets, but it remains possible that an answer will eventually be found. Geneticists have sampled the DNA of hundreds of living populations, making India one of the most genetically mapped countries in the world. Although the Tibetan border is only thirty-five miles north of Roopkund, the mountains form an impassable barrier. The land they were given by your grandparents is right next to your grandmother's lodge. Archeologists have long known about the spread of the Yamnaya, but almost nothing in the archeological record showed the brutality of their takeover. Skeleton Lake: Death by Hail . The scientists removed tissue samples for testing, shot video, and collected bones and artifacts. The deaths at Rookpund Lake could very likely be the result of a freak hailstorm. “We’re not schooled in the nuances,” Reich admitted to me. When they asked a local Indian chief where the skeletons came from, they were told that he and his people had camped one winter on Skeleton Lake. In other words, most of the Roopkund dead probably perished as Sax almost did, when he was an undergraduate—staggering around in a sudden blizzard and looking for their companions. The Skeleton Lake Cottagers Organization is trying to gather the history of Skeleton Lake in Muskoka for eventual publication in book form. The surprise is what killed them. Ever since a British forest guide first stumbled on Roopkund Lake in northern India in 1942, experts have struggled to understand how hundreds of human skeletons ended up in this small… Nor was Roopkund a cemetery: most of the individuals were healthy and between eighteen and thirty-five years old. [18][19], High altitude glacial lake in Uttarakhand, India, known as Skeletons Lake, "Fathoming the ancient remains of Roopkund", "The Mystery of the Himalayas' Skeleton Lake Just Got Weirder: Every summer, hundreds of ancient bones emerge from the ice. The grim history of eugenics still casts a shadow over genetics—a field with limitless appeal for white supremacists and others looking to support ... with the headline “The Skeleton Lake. In 1942, an Indian forest ranger discovered a remote lake, high in the Himalayas, full of human skeletons. “I hate unsolved mysteries,” Fiedel told me. Roopkund is a picturesque tourist destination and one of the important places for trekking in Chamoli District, Himalayas, near the base of two Himalayan peaks: Trisul (7,120 m) and Nanda Ghunti (6,310 m). [10] The district magistrate of Chamoli District has reported that tourists, trekkers, and curious researchers are transporting the skeletons on mules and recommended that the area should be protected. As bizarre as the result seemed, it nonetheless matched an analysis of bone collagen that the Max Planck Institute and the Harvard lab had done on the same individuals, to determine their diet. The skeletons are visible in the clear water of the shallow lake during one month when the ice melts. The new dates, far more accurate than the 1956 ones, formed a tight cluster in the ninth century. “O.K., now, who ordered the glass half empty, and who ordered the glass half full?”, “It’s not actually that much after taxes.”. “It is not a weapon injury,” the researchers noted, but came “from a blow from a blunt and round heavy object.” This stretch of the Himalayas is notorious for hailstorms, which destroy crops and damage property. [17] The Lake is flanked by a rock face named Junargali to the North and a peak named Chandania Kot to the East. The radiocarbon dating further suggests that the older, South Asian remains were deposited over an extended period or time, while the younger, Mediterranean and Southeast Asian group of remains was deposited during a single event. The Skeleton Lake Cottagers Organization is trying to gather the history of Skeleton Lake in Muskoka for eventual publication in book form. Save this story for later. The Bones at India’s Mysterious ‘Skeleton Lake’ Came From All Over New research reveals that the hundreds of anonymous dead spanned both continents and centuries. Reich is a lean, fit man in his mid-forties who speaks with rapid, quiet precision. “A very careful analysis showed they don’t match perfectly. Early in the morning on December 28, 1872, two companies of the U.S. Army’s Fifth Cavalry confronted a group of some 100 Yavapai camped out on the northern side of the Salt River. Roopkund is a popular trekking destination. Some historians question whether the Thuggees even existed. We can get a sense of this reign of terror by thinking about what took place when the descendants of those ancient Iberians sailed to the New World, events for which we have ample historical records. The data would be all over the map. “It is quite possible that these bones were contaminated,” he said, and the researchers were simply taking their provenance on trust: “They didn’t actually collect them themselves.” Having been fascinated with the region’s way of life for four decades, he also found the scientists’ perspective lacking. © 2020 Condé Nast. After he presented material from the book as an Op-Ed in the Times, sixty-seven anthropologists, social scientists, and others signed an open letter on BuzzFeed, titled “How Not to Talk About Race and Genetics.” The scholars complained that Reich’s “skillfulness with ancient and contemporary DNA should not be confused with a mastery of the cultural, political, and biological meanings of human groups,” and that Reich “critically misunderstands and misrepresents concerns” regarding the use of such loaded terms as “race” and “population.”, Reich’s lab now has an ethics-and-outreach officer, Jakob Sedig, whose job is to work with some of the cultural groups being studied, to understand and respond to their sensitivities. But about eighty per cent of that European ancestry is inherited from white males—genetic testimony to the widespread rape and sexual coercion of female slaves by slaveowners. By Frances Addison 2019-08-30T14:46:00+01:00. Hidden in the cliffs above the Salt River between Canyon Lake and Apache Lake, Skeleton Cave is the scene of one of the most brutal, bloody events in Arizona history. Sort by 3 days ago. [4] Research generally points to a semi-legendary event where a group of people was killed in a sudden, violent hailstorm in the 9th century. In the midst of the Second World War, British officials in India initially worried that the dead might be the remains of Japanese soldiers attempting a secret invasion. A larger celebration, the Nanda Devi Raj Jat, takes place once every twelve years at Roopkund, during which Goddess Nanda is worshipped. “It would be a mistake to say these people were specifically from Crete,” Reich said. The water is rather shallow, only reaching a maximum depth of 2 meters, and frozen most of the year. After sequencing genomes from skeletons at the lake, scientists revealed surprising ancestral results of the remains, linking 23 skeletons to South Asia, 14 … It was then dropped until it reappeared as a men’s and women’s event at Salt Lake City in 2002. In the decades since Sax first visited, the lake had become a popular destination in the trekking community and the site was being ruined. The lake is roughly 500 square feet and six to eight feet deep. Since the bones at the lake were not collected systematically, the finding hinted that the Mediterranean group in total might have been quite large. “Everybody in the Roopkund B population is mature. It may be the longest and most dangerous pilgrimage in India, and a particularly perilous section—the Jyumra Gali, or Path of Death—runs along a ridge high above Roopkund. Ad Choices. Ancient Origins articles related to Skeleton Lake in the sections of history, archaeology, human origins, unexplained, artifacts, ancient places and myths and legends. Intense ultraviolet light shines whenever the room is empty, to destroy stray DNA. A jumble of bones from a poorly curated storage area would not have the consistency of age, type, diet, and genetics displayed by the Roopkund B remains. Jay Hill shares one of history's mysteries. Their skeletons are a warning to those who would disrespect the goddess. [10] The studies of the skeletons revealed head injuries[11], which according to some sources[12] were caused by round objects from above and the common cause of death. Roopkund Lake is a shallow body of water filled with human bones - the skeletons of hundreds of individuals. He thinks that it’s not unreasonable to investigate those differences scientifically, although he doesn’t undertake such research himself. Nestled among the majestic Spruce and towering poplar trees lies the beautifully manicured Skeleton Lake Golf & Country Club. Under the scrutiny of science, the dead are becoming eloquent. A frozen lake full of human skeletons is discovered in the Himalayas, launching a decades-long quest to solve a centuries-old mystery. “This isn’t just a story about bones,” he said. Reich and Harney reject Fiedel’s genetic interpretation. But first, the trail winds along the steep upper edge of the skeleton lake … In the late eighties, he went on the pilgrimage himself, the only Westerner to have done so at that time, after which he published “Mountain Goddess.” The book describes how the Himalayas, “associated for thousands of years in India’s literatures with famous pilgrimage places and powerful, ascetic renouncers,” became the setting for followers to show devotion to the goddess by “giving suffering” to their bodies. Who removed those things? Given that the Y chromosome, found only in males, is passed down from father to son, this means that the local male line in Iberia was essentially extinguished. His preferred hypothesis is that the Roopkund B people were Armenian traders. 7 videos. All the bones studied so far have been picked up haphazardly, a flawed way of sampling that often skews results. He feels certain that if a large party of travellers, especially foreign travellers, had died at Roopkund in recent centuries, there would have been some record in folklore. Besides, no trade goods or beasts of burden were found with the bodies. The Anthropological Survey of India conducted a study of the skeletons during the 1950s and some samples are displayed at the Anthropological Survey of India Museum, Dehradun. Veena Mushrif-Tripathy, a bioarcheologist on the previous study and a co-author of the new one, pointed out that Roopkund is so remote and inhospitable—in 2003, when she and her colleagues went to collect bones, altitude sickness forced her to turn back—there has never been a systematic archeological investigation of the site. A new genetic study helps explain how they got there", "Roopkund lake's skeleton mystery solved! The lake, known as 'Skeleton lake', is situated at an altitude of 5,029 meters, in the Himalayas. “Inside the lake, you can get more preserved bones with soft tissues,” she said. (Wikimedia Commons)Now, scientists believe there is an even more complex history than previously imagined. The shorelines are scattered with a both permanent and seasonal residents, but much of the shoreline remains natural and untouched creating a real feeling of peace and tranquility. 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