It was accidentally introduced into the United States from Japan about 1916, probably as larvae in the soil around imported plants. In Japanese, rhinoceros beetles are called kabutomushi (かぶとむし, also written 甲虫 or かぶと虫). The Japanese beetle is a garden pest native to northern Japan. These small dark-colored beetles are an invasive pest in many homes. Since its inception in 1939 the annual trapping program appears to have been quite effective in detecting infestations. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This pest is considered to be an invasive species. One of the more common natural enemies attacking Japanese beetle adults is a group of parasitoids referred to as tachinid flies. [2] The beetle's Korean name meaning 'Jangsupungdeng-i(장수풍뎅이, "General beetle") is similar in nature but it sounds completely different. Another option is to grow Japanese beetle resistant plants. This is a huge source and loss of money to many people, especially in the Ryukyu Islands. Mushi is Japanese for insect, and kabuto is Japanese for helmet, literally referring to the samurai helmet. The Japanese rhinoceros beetle will live most of its life underground,[2] for it only lives about four months as an actual beetle. The males are much larger, reaching a length of 40–80 mm, while females can reach a length of about 40–60 mm. Japanese Beetle has shown to be a devastating pest of over 300 species of plant material and if it establishes in British Columbia the economic impact for small fruit, nursery stock, and agricultural producers will be very high. [2] By means of their forked horn they lift other males off the ground and throw them into the air. Japanese rhinoceros beetles are a very popular subject in gambling, like Siamese fighting fish and cricket fights. [2] They will battle each other, trying to push each other off the log, the one to stay on the log is the winner. The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonicaNewman, is a widespread and destructive pest of turf, landscape, and ornamental plants in the United States. https://www.britannica.com/animal/Japanese-beetle, Colorado State University Extension - Japanese Beetle, University of Florida - Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences - Entomology and Nemotology - Japanese Beetle, Japanese beetle - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The Japanese Beetle is a notorious pest that is not native to North America. Japanese beetle grubs are very similar in appearance to other beetle grubs like European chafer. The hard body of the Japanese beetle may make them relatively unattractive to many predators, such as birds. Impacts:Adult Japanese beetles feed on more than 300 species of plants, including apple, birch, cherry, crabapple, elm, horse chestnut, linden (basswood), maple, mountain ash, oak, plum, and willow trees, as well as plants such as asters, grapes, hollyhock, roses, … Corrections? It was accidentally introduced into the United States from Japan about 1916, probably as larvae in the soil around imported plants. During the same year three additional adults were captured at Yarmouth and three at Lacolle in Southern Quebec. They live in the soil and feed on grass roots, growing to a length of up to 25 mm by maturity. This page was last edited on 26 September 2020, at 15:16. Their damage is easy to identify. Japanese beetle adults attack the foliage, flowers, or fruits of more than 300 different ornamental and agricultural plants. [5] It can be found in broad-leaved forests in tropical and subtropical mountainous habitats. Collecting Beetles Leaves are typically skeletonized or left with only a tough network of veins. The Japanese rhinoceros beetle, Japanese horned beetle, or kabutomushi (カブトムシ), Allomyrina dichotoma, is a species of rhinoceros beetle. The adult beetle measures just about 1/2 inch in length. Treatment programs h… In Chinese the beetle is called '獨角仙' (which translates to 'single-horned immortal') or '雙叉犀金龜'. Japanese beetle, (species Popillia japonica), an insect that is a major pest and belongs to the subfamily Rutelinae (family Scarabaeidae, order Coleoptera). Their eyes may be white or red and are adapted to low light levels, as this species is nocturnal. Like all Dynastinae species, these beetles are strong flyers,[2] although they never cover long distances during the flight. During May the larvae transform to prepupa and then to pupa stages, the adult beetles emerging in June or July. Published by Nature & Ecology, Korea, 2011, Does flight ability differ among male morphs of the Japanese horned beetle, behaviour during male-male interaction in the Japanese horned beetle, Female-fighting-and-mounting.pdf Intrasexual fighting and mounting by females of the horned beetle, Japanese rhinoceros beetle in BBC Hidden Kingdoms, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_rhinoceros_beetle&oldid=980442809, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica) were first found in the United States in 1916, after being accidentally introduced into New Jersey. Of even greater promise as a biological control is a disease-inducing bacterium, Bacillus popilliae, which causes milky disease in larvae; its use has reduced Japanese beetle infestations in some areas. Japanese beetle can be a significant landscape pest and difficult to tolerate, particularly when they first become abundant in an area. A few species of wasps and flies have been imported an attempt to control the beetle in the US but with only establishment has been limited, so far. The Japanese rhinoceros beetle, Japanese horned beetle, or kabutomushi (カブトムシ), Allomyrina dichotoma, is a species of rhinoceros beetle. Japanese beetles feed on about 300 species of plants, devouring leaves, flowers, and overripe or … While they are one of the biggest threats to crops in the Eastern and Midwestern United States, they are a relatively new species … Scientific Name: Popillia japonica Newman, 1841 ( ITIS) Common Name: Japanese beetle. A row of white tufts (spots) of hair project from under the wing covers on each side of the body. Larvae (Figure 2) are C-shaped creamy white grubs with a yellowish-brown head. Linnaeus C. (1771) Carl Linnaeus Mantissa Plantarum, with an introduction by William T.Stearn, 6:137-588, Hwang, Seul-Ma-Ro, The Dynastini of the World Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae. The first Japanese beetle found Canada was in a tourist's car at Yarmouth, arriving in Nova Scotia by ferry from Maine in 1939. In response, producers will have to spend more on pest monitoring and treatment to manage the threat. Both rose chafer and Japanese beetle are relatives of green June beetle (Cotinus nitida), with whom Japanese beetle sometimes occurs in the adult stage. Distribution Top of page. The larvae live the entire winter below the surface of the ground in this stage, feeding on the tender roots of plants. The Japanese beetle is a highly destructive plant pest that can be very difficult and expensive to control. Adult Japanese beetles are 7/16-inch long metallic green beetles with copper-brown wing covers. Which beetle is also known as the tumblebug and can eat its weight in 24 hours? Japanese beetle adults are out in full-force in certain regions of Kansas feeding on different plant species, but especially roses (Rosa spp.). The Japanese beetle is one of the most destructive pests in the United States, chewing its way through the leaves of upwards of 300 different species, especially rose, grapes, linden, and crepe myrtle. Since then, the beetle has made a home in most of the continent and has been moving through Europe as well. The adults eat the leaves of plants while the larvae attack the roots, particularly the roots of grasses. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The long cephalic horn of this species has a characteristic shape in the form of the letter Y and it is used by males during the mating period and to maintain territories. The earliest beetles will come out of the ground in late spring; they will usually die around middle September to early October. Japanese rhinoceros beetles are very popular in anime, tokusatsu, advertisements, televisions, and films in Japan. Japanese beetle is a generalist herbivore that attacks foliage, flowers, and fruits of more than 300 wild and cultivated plant species in 79 families (Fleming 1972; Ladd 1987b, 1989). In fact, they are classified as a pest to hundreds of different species. Male beetles normally die in the fall after mating many times, whereas female beetles normally die after laying eggs. Which of these insects includes a “slave-maker” that bites the head off the resident queen? A swarm of Japanese beetles can denude a peach tree in 15 minutes, leaving nothing but bare branches and the fruit pits. Japanese beetle was found in the False Creek area of Vancouver in 2017. Some may be killed by predatory insects but this is probably infrequent. Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica. The map below showcases (in blue) the states and territories of North America where the Japanese Beetle may be found (but is not limited to). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [2] But life as an adult is short; in less than 4 months he must find and defend a territory and mate. Since larvae feed primarily on the roots of grass, Japanese beetle is most prevalent in urban environments. Japanese beetle larvae feed on the roots of turf grass and other plants. This beetle is sold as a pet in department stores[2] in many countries of Asia where it is also frequently depicted in popular media as a common cartoon character for various uses, for example much as gorillas, lions, or T. rex are seen in advertisements and product labels in the United States. Feeding on different species and/or cultivars of host plants can dramatically increase the longevity and fecundity of adults (Ladd 1987a, Spicer et al. Poisonous sprays control the adult beetles but differ in the length of their protection against reinfestation. The means of dealing with the adult stage of Japanese beetle are limited, and have been for many years, with the use of insecticides still being the primary plant protection strategy. The adult beetles feed on the foliage, flowers, and/or fruit of more than 300 different plant species and are considered a major pest of many popular horticultural and agricultural plants. Pathway of Introduction and Spread First found in New Jersey in 1916; originally from Japan. Since they feed primarily on the soft tissue parts of the leaves you will see leaves that look like ‘skeletons’, … Efforts are being made to control the spread of this pest. Why is Japanese beetle in BC a concern? It is believed to have arrived via shipping transport from Japan into New Jersey in the early part of the 1900's. Characters based on Kabutomushi include the title characters from Kamen Rider Stronger and Kamen Rider Kabuto, kaiju Megalon from the Godzilla franchise, and Heracross from the Pokémon series of video games. Invasive Species - (Popilla japonica) Japanese beetle grubs damage lawns and turf grasses. Adult Japanese beetles feed on foliage, flowers, and fruits. Larvae are found feeding on turf roots. Activity is most intense over a 4 to 6 week period beginning in late June, after which the beetles gradually die off. This species is present in Japan (Honshu, Kyūshū and other islands including Okinawa), Taiwan, Korean Peninsula and eastern China. They are gregarious insects, often feeding in large groups upon a single tree. They do not discriminate when it comes to what types of plants they feed on, though they do have favorites (like roses). Until that time, this insect was restricted to Japan where it is not a major pest. Host-pla… This sort of data can be useful in seeing concentrations of a particular species over the continent as well as revealing possible migratory patterns over a species… Their larvae can chew through fabric, damaging clothing, furniture coverings, and carpets. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Unlike the larva, the adult feeds on the flowers, fruit, and foliage of the plant. Japanese beetle, (species Popillia japonica), an insect that is a major pest and belongs to the subfamily Rutelinae (family Scarabaeidae, order Coleoptera). The Japanese beetle's body is a striking metallic green, with copper-colored elytra (wing covers) covering the upper abdomen. The larvae, commonly known as white grubs, primarily feed on roots of grasses often destroying turf in lawns, park… P. japonica originates from north-eastern Asia where it is native in northern Japan and in the far east of Russia (Fleming, 1972a).Fleming’s (1972a) report of P. japonica in China and Korea, probably referred to closely-related species, but not the Japanese beetle (Ping, 1988; Reed et al., 1990).. The Japanese beetle is native to the main islands of Japan, and was first discovered in North America in southern New Jersey in 1916. Despite its extreme generalist feeding, Japanese beetle shows distinct preferences for certain plant species, whereas other plant species are rarely or never fed upon. The beetles range from Maine to South Carolina, and infestations have been noted in other parts of North America. Look for plants and trees which have leaves eaten, with only veins remaining. Japanese beetles are a small invasive species of bugs that carry a big threat to plant life. Feeding on grass roots, Japanese beetle grubs damage lawns, golf courses, and pastures. Japanese beetle is an invasive plant pest that was first introduced to eastern North America from Japan in 1916. Japanese beetle is an invasive, regulated pest that feeds on the roots of turf grass and above ground parts of more than 300 plant species including roses, fruit trees, grapevines, and other common landscape and food plants. This insect can significantly damage landscape plants, ornamental plants, fruit and vegetable gardens, nurseries, orchards, and agricultural crops. Trees also can look bad from Japanese beetle infestation, but usually survive. Japanese Beetle Damage. Be warned though, even plants that don’t attract Japanese beetles can occasionally suffer from minor Japanese beetle damage. These are plants that simply don’t interest Japanese beetles that much. 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