Why do some converging technologies raise special ethical and social issues? It is here that master entrepreneurs and their teams must see beyond the immediate implications of a given technology, capturing second-order, Google-sized business opportunities on the horizon. Included in this categories are smart appliances, smart TV, smart entertainment systems, smart thermostats, and network-connected light bulbs, outlets, door locks, door bells, and home security systems.32 These smart home IoT devices are connected to a single network and can be controlled remotely over the internet. The third section of this report concludes with potential considerations for Congress. Regulating technological convergence may entail policies for jurisdictional deconfliction, harmonization, and expansion to address blended or new categories of technology. Technological convergence is the tendency for different technological systems to evolve towards performing similar tasks (Wikipedia). For example, a user interacts with converged devices, such as a smart television (TV), to access the contents that are distributed over a network. Daniel Alsen, Mark Patel, and Jason Shangkuan, "The Future of Connectivity: Enabling the Internet of Things," McKinsey and Company, https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/internet-of-things/our-insights/the-future-of-connectivity-enabling-the-internet-of-things. Regulating a converged technology as a whole can also be challenging because the combinations of technologies may generate too many possible outcomes. Second, converged technologies collect and use personal and machine data which may raise digital privacy concerns for consumers. "Education records" are defined broadly to generally include any "materials which contain information directly related to a student" and are "maintained by an educational agency or institution." Converged technologies leverage large volumes of data to try to improve the user experience by generating more tailored and anticipatory results. Internet of Things Subsystems Revenue Worldwide from 2012 to 2018. Second, digital privacy concerns stem from converged technologies' collection and usage of personal and machine data.4 Technological convergence facilitates increasing consumption and collection of data, which poses potential digital privacy concerns for consumers. While this is an extremely convenient characteristic, it also poses cybersecurity concerns. When considering new legislation or expanding the authorities of federal agencies, three potential policy decisions are (1) whether data privacy and data security should be addressed together or separately, (2) whether various types of personal data should be treated equally or differently, and (3) which agencies should be responsible for implementing any new laws. Technological convergence may present a range of issues where Congress may take legislative and/or oversight actions. 1 : the words that are used with a certain word or phrase to explain its meaning What are nanocomputers? Non-FCRA covered entities that maintain data for non-marketing purposes that fall outside of the FCRA. For instance, the guidance for notifying users when personal data gets compromised is different for health, financial, and location data. On the other hand, this approach could present an opportunity to update policies on par with technology progressions and posture for emerging capabilities. Data privacy is the governing of data collection, use, and sharing. Doing so will involve high levels of cooperation between IT and the groups managing the operational technology (OT) monitoring or controlling the physical devices and processes in the enterprise. The advancements in communication technology provide omniscient access to … A broadcasting network delivered video to television sets. How Congress oversees which industries and government agencies may become complicated due to converging technologies that blend existing categorical boundaries. Not having an updated data security policy relies on existing cybersecurity measures to address potential vulnerabilities introduced by technological convergence. With relatively few policies in place for specifically overseeing technological convergence, Congress may consider potential policy options to address the issues discussed in this report. First, merging and integrating multiple technologies from distinct functional categories into one converged technology may pose challenges to defining regulatory policies and responsibilities. What, exactly, do we mean by “computer security” and “cybersecurity”? In spear phishing, malicious actors often impersonate a trustworthy entity of a targeted victim. Congress may be interested in digital privacy concerns of converged technologies, which often collect and use personal information and machine data as they directly interface with end-users. Data security is an aspect of cybersecurity more so than privacy. Additional information on Do Not Call or Do Not Track can be found in CRS Report R45070, Protecting Consumers and Businesses from Fraudulent Robocalls, by Patricia Moloney Figliola. Unmonitored or self-monitored security systems are managed by the user. Technology has allowed us to develop and improve the quality of films, make them more complex and dynamic, whilst also helping making them easier to make and also access. These key characteristics may present potential policy questions for Congress, including the following: The IoT is a common example of technological convergence. Describe key aspects of pervasive (or ubiquitous) computing. 2. Revenue is the total positive cash flow from sales of goods or services in a given timeframe. Emerging smart home technologies may further necessitate safeguarding data from malicious actors. New Cybersecurity Technologies: What is Shaking Up the Field? While a deconfliction or harmonization policy could increase coordination, overlaying such policy on an existing regulatory framework may not present the most efficient process. ), which was enacted on October 15, 2914, comprises the U.S. antitrust law along with the FTC Act (15 U.S.C. How does the practice of storing personal genetic data in privately owned computer databases raise issues affecting information ownership and property-rights? However, the FCRA does not have privacy or data security provisions. Data collection and usage are tied to digital privacy issues because a piece or aggregation of information could identify an individual or reveal patterns in their activities. Monitored security systems are actively observed by a professional home security company who take predetermined actions based on alerts and activities. This text examines a wide range of cyberethics issues--from specific issues of moral responsibility that directly affect computer and information technology … Because these companies generally never interact with consumers, consumers are often unaware of their existence, much less the variety of practices in which they engage.49, The FTC classifies data brokers into three categories:50. Hawk, D, Chakrabarti, A & Takala, M 2000, Information and communication technology divergence in the context of information and communication convergence. Many of us have benefited significantly from the conveniences made possible by the phenomenon so far – for example cell phones that take pictures. A federal law that comprehensively addresses digital privacy for all types of data is not in place. Identify three kinds of ethical issues associated with bioinformatics. Determining oversight jurisdictions and regulatory authorities for converged technologies may become complicated as the boundaries that once separated single-function technologies are blended together. Media convergence proliferated as analog mediums of communication became digitized. What is "technological convergence" in the context of cybertechnology? Arjun Kharpal, "6 Billion Smartphones Will Be in Circulation in 2020: Report," CNBC, January 17, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/17/6-billion-smartphones-will-be-in-circulation-in-2020-ihs-report.html. 4. FERPA defines an "educational agency of institution" to include "any public or private agency or institution which is the recipient of funds under any applicable program." This also means that different data security protocols apply to different types of data. Such data can also potentially be sold to third-party entities without an individualâs awareness. Convergence is the tendency of group members to become more alike over time. The Hart-Scott-Rodino Act (HSR), adding Section 7A of the Clayton Act, is listed separately." A challenge for Congress may be in delineating which government agency has jurisdiction over various converged technologies. In policies, the requirements and responsibilities of data protection may be addressed separately from privacy concerns associated with legal use of personal data. Converged technologies leverage large volumes of data to try to improve the user experience by generating more tailored and anticipatory results. 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