Zoom Blur Background Missing Mac, Articles W

Catawba. Homes Round, bark-covered dwellings with a fireplace in the center and opening in the roof to release smoke. McCorkle, Captain L.M. There is a clinic on the reservation that is run through Indian Health Services. The following table summarizes a portion of the results for a two-way analysis of variance experiment with no interaction. 996 Avenue of the Nations, Rock Hill, SC 29730 USA. The number of settlers continued to grow, and the Catawba lands were reduced dramatically from the 144,000 acres granted to us by the King of England to the 700-acre reservation now held in trust for the Nation. He also protected the local settlers against Cherokee invaders. 0000020728 00000 n What type of shelter did Native Americans in South Carolina NOT live in? His severance package included an offer of 5 weeks severance pay. 0000026173 00000 n Before contact with the Europeans it is believed that the Nation inhabited most of the Piedmont area of South Carolina, North Carolina and parts of Virginia. Their current lands are in South Carolina, on the Catawba River, near the city of Rock Hill. Company G (Captain J. L. Carpenter (killed), Captain J.P. Whiteside). The Catawba Indians: People of the River. Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History. Gleen, Captain Charles W. Scott, Captain James D. Steedman, and Captain Thomas Comer). Traditionally, Catawba communities were matriarchal societies. The British began to colonize the area that is now South Carolina in the 1670s. As part of the buyout agreement, it was promised that the severance packages offered to the former Western employees would be equivalent to those offered to Laurier employees who had been terminated in the past year. The Sally New River, the granddaughter of King Hagler, was a landowner that leased land to the Scotch-Irish settlers that were moving into the area. What did many Native American tribes live near? He adopted the title of King because the settlers coming into Catawba territory at the time were led by a king. The Nation claimed at least eleven other tribes as enemies. SourceofVariationRowsColumnsErrorTotalSS105773301394df521017MSMSB=?MSA=?MSE=?FFFactorB=?FFactorA=?p-value0.0060.900. These two tribes had similar environments to hunt, fish and live in. Meacham, Captain John C. Holley, Captain E.R. The Treaty at Nations Ford with South Carolina was illegal because it was not ratified by the federal government. It provided for federal oversight and enforcement of people's constitutional right to vote. The tradition has been passed down within the Nation and has survived contact with Europeans, wars, centuries of economic and cultural stresses, and the introduction of modern technology such as the potter's wheel. On March 13, 2020, the DOI announced its decision to approve the 2018 discretionary application and place the land in North Carolina in trust. WebFunerary mounds ascribed to the Mississippian, or Temple Mound Builder, culture (1000-1500 A.D.) remain in the central Piedmont, notably in the Catawba River Valley. c. negative; inverse There are currently over 3300 enrolled members of the Nation. Many of the same clay holes that were used hundreds of years ago are still used today. They were known among English colonial traders as Flatheads because, like a number of other tribes of the Southeast, they practiced ritual head flattening on male infants. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989. It was hard for the Nation to protect the land from colonists and eventually they began renting land to settlers. Catawba. Meachaw). Native American Two Spirit Fights to Keep Tribe's Language Alive. NBCNews.com. \hline \text { Source of Variation } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & M S & F & \text { p-value } \\ 0000020554 00000 n American Indian and Alaska Native The United States and Puerto Rico: 2010", William C. Sturtevant, "Siouan Languages in the East". 0000003896 00000 n Numerous Catawba were converted to the church. They use many different tools to do this work from sea shells, smooth rocks from the river, and old snuff cans. The Catawba also own a 16.57-acre (6.71ha) site in Kings Mountain, North Carolina, which they will develop for a gaming casino and mixed-use entertainment complex.[20]. 26, pp. Their men were respected, This tribe was powerful in their part of the state, near where the city of rock Hill is located today (near the South Carolina/North Carolina border). When they went to war, they painted a black circle around one eye and a white circle around the other. In 1763, a small party of Algonquian Shawnee killed the noted Catawba chief, King Hagler, near his own village. endobj "The lottery at 5 years: Tribe says lottery killed its business", "U.S Supreme Court Order List October 1, 2007", "Catawba Indian Nation v. State of South Carolina and Mark Keel, in his official capacity as Chief of the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division, Respondents", "Catawba Indian Nation closes bingo hall in Rock Hill", "Catawbas push to open $600M casino in Kings Mountain", "N.C. Gov. The Catawba were not at that time a recognized Native American tribe as they had lost their land and did not have a reservation. In 1711, they fought with the British against the Tuscarora of North Carolina. SourceofVariationSSdfMSFp-valueRows10575MSB=?FFactorB=?0.006Columns72MSA=?FFactorA=?0.900Error33010MSE=? STATESVILLE, N.C. (WBTV) - Video captured two students nearly being hit by a car that flew past two cars and a stopped school bus on Thursday morning. About 50 adult Catawbas make and sell pottery on a regular basis. The Catawba people have specific methods they follow to create their pottery. Early colonial estimates of the Catawba population when settlers arrived are between 15,000-25,000. 417 0 obj The new contract was signed by the former governing body immediately prior to new elections. In addition, the contract was never brought before the General Council (the full tribal membership) as required by their existing constitution. Due to growth and development in our area, we are now close to the thriving city of Rock Hill which is a suburb to the Charlotte metropolitan area. Omissions? Company A (Captain John Wesley Goss, Captain John D. Mylia). endobj 0000005870 00000 n John C. Christie, Jr., The Continuing Saga of Indian Land Claims: The Catawba Indian Land Claim: A Giant Among Indian Land Claims, 24 Am. The tribe usually had one or more priests or healers who conducted religious rituals and provided herbal medicines. WebInformation about the Catawba. [3] There would be no colonial contact for almost 100 years after the "De Soto Entrada.". [6] The Catawbas served under General Lee's Legion and fought with him in 1780. Indian Culture & Res. 0000000016 00000 n Native to North America, the sunchoke is a tuber with a mild flavor similar to that of new potatoes or chestnuts. AS is customary, the suit names the DOI, the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Secretary David Bernhardt, and several other department officials. George Washingtons journals mention the fierceness of the Catawba Warriors many times and how valuable they were to the effort. Company B (Captain W.P. McCrory won't support Catawba casino in Kings Mountain", "How a SC Native American tribe came to operate an out-of-state casino", "Proposed Catawba Indian casino in King's Mountain moves forward", "Tribes continue battle for proposed casino in Kings Mountain", "Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians files amended complaint against U.S. Department of the Interior", "Vegas coming to Charlotte area: Catawbas plan casino groundbreaking for Wednesday", "North Carolina, Catawba tribe, ink casino revenue agreement", "Feds clear the way for Catawba Indians' North Carolina casino. hb```f``Ie`e`` ,l@I` This did not serve them well though because the settlers brought disease with them. Catawba pottery is formed completely by hand using several different methods depending on the size of the piece. References: Merrell, James. \hline \text { Error } & 330 & 10 & M S E=? According to Iredell-Statesville Schools, the incident happened around 6:16 a.m., on Old Mountain Road. WebCatawba Indians Culture. Mooney accepted the tradition that, following a protracted struggle, the Catawba and Cherokee had settled on the Broad River their mutual boundary. Company C (Captain Henry C. Davis, Captain J.A. WebThe Catawba Indians have lived on their ancestral lands along the banks of the Catawba River dating back at least 6000 years. The governments had not been able to prevent settlers going into Iroquois territory, but the governor of Virginia offered the tribe payment for their land claim. [18], On July 21, 2007, the Catawba held their first elections in more than 30 years. The Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma filed a motion to support the EBCI; both motions were approved. More than 13,000 Native Americans live in South Carolina, according to a 2016 state study. Extended families lived in a single dwelling. <>stream Where do descendants of the Catawba live today? Citizen Portal Login The colors come from the clay along with the variety of wood used and the intensity of the fire. Gradually whisk in the oil. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[81.0 617.094 126.804 629.106]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Early Catawbas lived in villages which were surrounded by a wooden palisade or wall. It terminated the government of the Catawba in 1959. endobj [citation needed], In 1738, a smallpox epidemic broke out in South Carolina. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Charleston, South Carolina, United States and more. In 1759, a smallpox epidemic killed nearly half the Catawba. Catawba Religious Beliefs, Mortuary Customs, and Dances by Frank G. Speck, Primitive Man, 12, 2, April, pp. Here's the latest", "Catawba Indians declared victor in NC casino court fight, clearing way for construction", "Temporary Catawba Casino Opens in North Carolina", Drye, Willie. The Catawba and Cherokee traveled from village to village using _________. That warrior spirit and resiliency of the Catawba have helped us through many hard times. And though it took over 20 years to accomplish this, we achieved it. Company G (Captain J.H. The Nation always carried a philosophy of brotherly love and peace when it came to the settlers. We are warriors and are a strong, resilient people, who know that working together will move us farther down the path we want to go. Indians have lived in the area now known as Virginia for thousands of years. In 1566, the first contact was made with Europeans. Gilbert Blue served as their chief until 2007. [24], In 2014, the Catawba made a second attempt to operate a bingo parlor, opening one at what was formerly a BI-LO, on Cherry Road in Rock Hill. The Catawba lived in this type of home all year long. 408 36 This culminated in South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc. where the United States Supreme Court ruled that the tribe's land claims were subject to a statute of limitations which had not yet run out. Terminated as a tribe by the federal government in 1959, the Catawba Indian Nation had to reorganize to reassert their sovereignty and treaty rights. It closed in 2017, unable to turn a profit. Consisted of a large, square council house, a "sweat lodge" or sauna, individual homes, and an open plaza for meetings, games, and dances. The Catawba traded deerskins to the Europeans for goods such as muskets, knives, kettles and cloth. For the person, see, Indian reservation in United States, Catawba Nation, This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties, Historical culture and estimated populations. Hilton Pond Center. a. positive; negative The administrative offices are located on the Reservation. To purchase to book, check out Amazon. He adopted the title of King because the settlers coming into Catawba territory at the time were led by a king. Their principal village was on the west side of the river in north-central South Carolina. In 1650, the Catawba and the Iswa united. [35] On July 1, a temporary modular facility containing 500 slot machines was opened at the Kings Mountain site. Catawba. After the potter is happy with the piece, then it will be fired in an open fire. The Catawba people have specific methods they follow to create their pottery. [14], In approximately 1883, tribal members were contacted by missionaries of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Taste and adjust the seasoning. Maps & Directions | HN0}bl'qia9@&u'Mv)? Leaders of the state of South Carolina knew this and kept relations with the Nation friendly. In response, the Catawba prepared to file 60,000 lawsuits against individual landowners in York County to regain ownership of their land. Early counts of the Catawba people made by Spanish explorers estimated the population of the tribe at the time as between 15,000-25,000. Here are some pictures of Native American In addition, the Catawba filed a motion to intervene to join the defendants. By the late 17th century, trade began having a major impact on the Catawba society. When first encountered by Europeans in the 17th century, the Tuscarora occupied what is now North Carolina. This tribe lived in rolling hills and had lots of red clay. Brammer, John Paul. After the potter is happy with the piece, then it will be fired in an open fire. 0000007467 00000 n The land was sold but the state did not keep its promises. The process of firing gives the pottery its distinctive look. Our citizens come from many backgrounds and have an array of skills to enhance the labor force. There they fought a pitched battle. The Catawba are historically sedentary agriculturists, who have also fished and hunted for game. When the English first settled South Carolina about 1682, they estimated the Catawba at about 1,500 warriors, or about 4,600 people in total. & F_{\text {Factor A }}=? In 1929 Samuel Taylor Blue, chief of the Catawba, had begun the process to gain federal recognition. George Washingtons journals mention the fierceness of the Catawba Warriors many times and how valuable they were to the effort. The Catawbas. 408 0 obj <]/Prev 961824>> That heritage has been passed on through many generations since King Hagler. Early colonial estimates of the Catawba population when settlers arrived are between 15,000-25,000. It said that the DOI disregarded early consultation with the EBCI and skipped an Environmental Impact Assessment. "[11], In 1860, their population was at 55. Hutchison, Captain William J. Bowen, Captain W.J.T. +1 (803) 366-4792 | They were a powerful tribe in their part of SC. These two tribes had similar environments to hunt, fish and live in. The Catawba Reservation (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}345417N 805301W / 34.90472N 80.88361W / 34.90472; -80.88361) is located in two disjointed sections in York County, South Carolina, east of Rock Hill. Company I (Captain Dvion Barnes, Captain N.V. Vanlanding, Captain W.J. 173 (2000). [citation needed], The customs and beliefs of the early Catawba were documented by the anthropologist Frank Speck in the twentieth century. They adopted a constitution in 1975 that was modeled on their 1944 version. There were several famous Catawba potters who were known for their art. The Catawba Indians have lived on their ancestral lands along the banks of the Catawba River dating back at least 6000 years. As of 2006, their population had increased to about 2600. The Catawba first enrolled in Captain Lucian Palmer Sadler's Company on December 9, 1861. The administrative office has over 50 employees. If a member of the tribe was killed, men would go out to avenge the death, and if successful, bring back a scalp as evidence of revenge. References: In return, South Carolina promised the Nation a new tract of land in a less populated area and to pay the Catawbas money. The Catawba were among the East Coast tribes who made selective alliances with some of the early European colonists, when these colonists agreed to help them in their ongoing conflicts with other tribes. In a large bowl, combine the sunchokes, blueberries or currants, sunflower seeds, arugula andfrise. In 1759, smallpox swept through the Catawba villages for a fourth time in a century bringing the population of the Nation to less than 1,000 by 1760. & & \\ It also has a congressionally established service area in North Carolina, covering Mecklenburg, Cabarrus, Gaston, Union, Cleveland, and Rutherford counties. They were not renowned for their participation during the War, despite their engagements in famous battles. b. positive; illusory It is said that more than 500 lost their lives during the Revolutionary War. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Catawba Indians are aboriginal to the Carolinas and the Catawba pottery tradition has survived for over 4,000 years, long before the craft made its debut in the Southwest. In many Native communities, sunchokes, which grow from the roots of a sunflower species, are dug up in fall after the first frost, and are eaten raw or cooked like a potato. We still live on our beautiful ancestral lands along the banks of the Catawba river today. Company I (Captain Cato A. Seabrook, Captain William Daniel Camp). This was unheard of during this period. 0000001800 00000 n He was said to have persuaded the Catawba to lend their name to the scheme, and had a history of criminal and civil enforcement actions against him and his companies for illegal gambling. [9], When the Civil War began, the Catawba were "an obscure enclave in a social system [southern plantation slavery] that was beginning to break down. Shover), Company K (Captain L.B. 0000008110 00000 n While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In 1959 the Catawba Nation was terminated in the eyes of the federal government. Of the 573 federally recognized tribes in the United States, the Catawba Indian Nation is the only one located in the state of South Carolina. In 1840, by the Treaty of Nation Ford with South Carolina, the Catawba sold to the state all but one square mile (2.6km2) of their 144,000 acres (225sqmi; 580km2) reserved by the English Crown. The potter warms the piece by leaving it outside the fire and then slowly moves it closer and closer until it is put into the fire. They also updated and adopted their constitution in 1975. After the piece is finished, it is left to dry for several days. The treaty stipulated that the Catawbas relinquish to the State of South Carolina their 144,000 acres of land. 0000007045 00000 n The last survivor of the westward migration, an elderly Catawba woman, died among the Cherokee in 1889. Remove from the oven and let cool. The Catawba decided that they preferred to be organized as a tribal community. [34] On April 16, the Catawba Nation received a victory in federal court, as U.S. District Judge James Boasberg found no basis for the Cherokees' claims in the lawsuit. [5], Early Spanish explorers of the mid-16th century estimated the population of the Catawba as between 15,000 and 25,000 people. 8184. 419 0 obj Bill complained that this offer was less than that offered to Lauriers employees when they were laid off, in contravention of the buyout agreement. wattle and daub homes What was the Catawba tribe's home that they lived in all year? The peace was probably final for the Iroquois, who had established the Ohio Valley as their preferred hunting ground by right of conquest and pushed other tribes out of it. The Catawba people have endured many changes throughout the years and learned to adapt and evolve with their new surroundings. WebThe Catawba Indians lived in settled villages of homes and small farm plots. Traveled the rivers in dugout canoes. 319330. The treaty was invalid ab initio because the state did not have the right to make it, which was reserved for the federal government, and never gained Senate ratification. Published by: The George Washington University Institute for Ethnographic Research. Colonists believed the Nation was dying out. After settlers arrived in the area, two rounds of smallpox decimated the tribes numbers, and by the early 1800s, our once large group was down to under 100 citizens. The modern-day tribal lands are located in York County, South Carolina. To determine how generous the severance package had been, a random sample of 50 Laurier ex-employees was taken. After our federal status was removed in 1951, we reorganized and fought to regain that status. Company G (Captain A.D. Gaillard, Captain John M. Moody). [28] In September, the Catawba submitted a new application under the discretionary process; they also pursued a Congressional route. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. WebActive - tribe received federal recognition in 1993. The Catawbas have proven again and again that they will continue to thrive against all odds. Add the vinaigrette and toss to coat. Like African Americans since the turn of the 20th century, the Native Americans were largely excluded from the franchise by discriminatory rules and practices associated with voter registration. During the 1700s, the Catawba absorbed many smaller tribes, which had been devasted by European diseases and war. and pp. A plentiful supply of passenger pigeons served as winter food. The Nation participates in several York County boards and committees including Economic Development, RFATS, and the Catawba Regional Council of Governments. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989. Nation Ford. "Excavated Village Unlocks Mystery of Tribe's Economy", The Catawba Cultural Preservation Project, The Catawba Indians: "People of the River", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&oldid=1142149249, Federally recognized tribes in the United States, Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, Native Americans in the American Revolution, Articles with dead external links from August 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Christie, John C., Jr. "The Catawba Indian Land Claim: A Giant among Indian Land Claims,". The statistician was told that severance is determined by three factors: age, length of service with the company, and pay. After the piece is finished, it is left to dry for several days. One son whose father was in the 12th South Carolina Infantry gave a speech. About 50 adult Catawbas make and sell pottery on a regular basis. King Hagler (1754-1763) was a powerful ally to the English and was well respected among the Piedmont tribes. endobj The Catawba became skilled traders which allowed them to acquire weapons, tools, blankets, and cloth in exchange for furs and other wares like Catawba pottery. The administrative office has over 40 employees. Their decline was attributed to the mortality of infectious diseases. This path was frequently traveled and was used until 1744 by Seneca war parties to pass through the Shenandoah Valley to raid in the South. Today the Catawba earn most of their revenue from Federal/State funds. They enrolled with the 5th, 12th, and 17th South Carolina Infantry Regiments. WebTable of Contents. The Catawba filed suit against the state of South Carolina for the right to operate video poker and similar "electronic play" devices on their reservation. 2157. In a _______correlation, the Instead, the Catawba agreed to be governed by the terms of the Settlement Agreement and the State Act as pertains to games of chance; which at the time allowed for video poker and bingo. Traditionally, the Tuscarora depended heavily on cultivating corn [3] The Catawba called themselves, yeh is-WAH h'reh The Nation participates in several York County boards and committees including Economic Development, RFATS, and the Catawba Regional Council of Governments. The Catawbas have many thriving programs provided for Nation citizens and the surrounding community. The Catawba worshiped a deity known as "He-Who-Never-Dies.". The Catawba and other tribes, such as the Sissipahaw, suffered high mortality in these epidemics. He firmly believed in the treaties that were created to protect his people, and when traveling to negotiate the documents, he took the principal Warriors with him. Since the late 20th century, some men also make pottery. WebLike most other tribes the Catawba know themselves simply as people, or 44 Indians, in their language nieya or nieye, abbreviated to nie or ye, or sometimes expanded into Kataba nie, Catawba Indians. Company F (Captain Hayne McMeekin, Captain John C. Bell). The Catawba lived in this type of home all year long. The 6,000-year-old Catawba Indian Nation is no stranger to the Kings Mountain area. The Catawba returned to South Carolina and purchased 600-plus acres from the state in 1850. For the salad:Preheat the oven to 400F. At a later period some Catawba removed to the Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory and settled near present-day Scullyville, Oklahoma. 443 0 obj The Catawba were sedentary agriculturists, and seem to have differed but little in general customs from their neighbors. In 1909 the Catawba sent a petition to the United States government seeking to be given United States citizenship.[16]. The English named the Catawba River and Catawba County after this indigenous people. Today the Catawba are a federally recognized tribe with approximately 2800 people living on a reservation in Rock Hill, South Carolina. Smaller groups live in parts of Oklahoma and Colorado. The Catawba are one of several Siouan language Native American tribes to occupy the Carolinas. In May 2020, the EBCI filed an amended complaint in its federal lawsuit, saying that the DOI's approval of the trust land resulted from a scheme by casino developer Wallace Cheves. From finding the clay, building the pieces, and burning the pottery they have remained close to the traditional ways with few exceptions being made for technological advances that improve their pottery. and did not get federal approval. The Catawba language, which is being revived, is part of the Siouan family (Catawban branch). http://www.hiltonpond.org/CatawbaIndiansMain.html Thirty-six-year-old Bill Smith, a Western employee for the past 10 years, earning $32,000 per year, was one of those let go. wigwam. Edwards). I& 5,l`%000l^l.:@%8a 0f1p rpI hD8%!.^bdU&i^Wbp}*1|dxg6c{1z1V3N`p 321`Xz4(:3t~N13]e VeMdp 0000003363 00000 n The Nation is a short 30-mile drive from Charlotte Douglas Airport as well as only a 10-minute drive from the I-77 corridor. 2. [11], In 1763, the colonial government of South Carolina confirmed a reservation for the Catawba of 225 square miles (580km2; 144,000 acres), on both sides of the Catawba River, within the present York and Lancaster counties. Company A (Captain John R. Culp, Captain W.H. Some joined the. During President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, the federal government worked to improve conditions for Native Americans. In 1996, the Catawba formed a joint venture partnership with D.T. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Many of the same clay holes that were used hundreds of years ago are still used today. During winter and when traveling, men and women wore pants, leggings, and capes made of various animal hides. Men and women wore jewelry made of shells, beads, and copper on special occasions they painted their skin. The Catawba worshiped a deity known as "He-Who-Never-Dies." The deer skin market helped the Catawba receive European goods like muskets, iron knives, kettles, and cloth[3] but also brought along disease and encroachment. 2, 2023 at 1:27 PM PST. 0000002837 00000 n In the 1950s, the federal government began to press what is known as the Indian termination policy, based on its perception that some tribes were assimilated enough not to need a special relationship with the government. WebThe Occaneechi Band of the Saponi NationOBSN for shortis a small Indian community located primarily in the old settlement of Little Texas, Pleasant Grove Township, Alamance County, North Carolina. By 1728, the Catawba had been reduced to about 400 warriors, or about 1400 persons in total. Hinson, Captain J. Frank Clyborn). The first tenant was Thomas Spratt who leased several thousand acres of farmland. Company E (Captain C.F. We live throughout the United States and have citizens outside of the country, though the majority live on or near our reservation lands. The Catawba (also known as Issa or Esaw) are a tribe of Native Americans, once considered one of the most powerful eastern Siouan tribes, that J. [4] Their current lands are in South Carolina, on the Catawba River, near the city of Rock Hill. Due to the importance of pottery in the Catawba culture the Nation is committed to making sure that there are always Catawba potters to teach this skill to others so that this 4,000 year old tradition can continue to be passed on to future generations.