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Cats can also injure their tendons or ligaments slowly over time as a result of repetitive straining, overexertion, or fatigue. The pain was markedly worse during second-digit flexion attempts or when pressure was applied. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies A doctor or nurse will wash the wound thoroughly, trim away any dead tissue, and apply antibiotic ointment. The family cat lunged at him and bit and scratched his hand. We identified 193 patients in a 3-year period between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. The code is valid during the fiscal year 2023 from October 01, 2022 through September 30, 2023 for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions. He graduated magna cum laude with a degree in biological sciences fromCornell University. You should still clean the wound area with soap and water, but its unlikely you will have to take any action. Cat bites are about twice as likely as dog bites to get infected. According to the study patients with bites directly over the wrist or any joint have a higher risk of hospitalization. Time from bite to presentation, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein values at presentation were not associated with hospitalization. Identifying Bug Bites and Stings, and How To Treat Them. Can vitamin D help maintain muscle strength? When the bite is on the hand (and other research has shown that up to 85 percent of cat bites occur on the hand or wrist), the puncture may easily pierce a joint or the membrane sheath. I still have a small bump from a cat that bit my hand around twenty-five years ago. Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, a bump or blister where the bite wound is located, inability to use your hand (if your hands been bitten), you start having any serious symptoms of an infection, such as fever, chills, pus or fluid oozing from the wound, or swollen lymph nodes, the cat thats bitten you appears aggressive or acts strangely, the cat thats bitten you is unvaccinated against rabies or youre unsure if the cat is vaccinated against rabies. While 3-18 percent of dog bites become infected. The second digit of the right hand was mildly edematous with five nondraining puncture wounds noted: two puncture wounds located between the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and metacarpophalangeal joint of the second digit and three on the palmar aspect of the right hand. o [teenager OR adolescent ], , MD, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Although cats have no more germs in their mouths than dogs or people, researchers at the Mayo Clinic found that when cats bite, their sharp teeth can inject hard-to-treat bacteria deeply into the skin and joints, increasing the risk for serious infection. Kittens bite, mouth, and paw things to explore their worldthey're all natural behaviors. 2017 Dr. Brandon P. Donnelly Eleven patients (Group A) were presented within 48 hours of their injury. The patient appeared ill and uncomfortable. A recent Mayo Clinic study shows that one out of three people who sought treatment for a cat bite to the hand were hospitalized. Though house cats are often vaccinated against the most serious diseases, like rabies, stray cats arent usually vaccinated and can carry several diseases. While some cat bites may heal without causing infection, it is recommended that you seek medical attention for all cat bites. She said what followed was eight weeks in and out of the hospital, two weeks of surgery every other day to flush the infection out of the wound and remove infected tissue, and antibiotics to treat the rampant infection. Bats are one of the most common carriers of rabies. 2022 Oct;35(5):498-499. doi: 10.37201/req/009.2022. Therapeutic III. If you dont know the rabies status of the animal, try to locate it and call animal control. 20 The trial was terminated because of high rates of infection with wound care alone (47%). Signs and symptoms warranting earlier evaluation (e.g., fever, chills, increasing edema, erythema, numbness, drainage, and pain) were discussed. When you think about being bitten by an animal, smaller is better, right? Purpose: Pulling away, Mr. H fell back and landed on a coffee table with his open right hand hyperextended. Tendons can rupture and may require surgery. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Brandon P. Donnelly, MD When To Worry The wrist or any joint in the fingers are usually the worst places to be wounded - and that's just where most people get bitten by cats. Before Cats teeth are sharp and pointy. To care for your wound at home, follow these steps: If the following symptoms occur, seek medical attention: If you have a pet cat, make sure to take them to regular veterinary visits to stay updated on vaccines. Bleeding may help flush out any bacteria that may have gotten into the wound. Apply an antibiotic ointment and cover with a non-stick bandage. The bacteria injected by a cat bite can include a strain common in animals and particularly hard to fight with antibiotics, he says. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in any form without prior authorization. According to a 2018 research review, infection occurs in about 50 percent of cat bites in children. According to a 2016 case report, cat bites can injure a nerve in rare cases. The hand should be splinted in the functional position and elevated. 8600 Rockville Pike and transmitted securely. "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Please note that by doing so you agree to be added to our monthly email newsletter distribution list. for two weeks. Although cats have no more germs in their mouths than dogs or people, researchers at the Mayo Clinic found that when cats bite, their sharp teeth can inject hard-to-treat bacteria deeply into. ANZ J Surg. Protected from the immune system, a cat bite infection can rapidly spread. Cat Bite Cellulitis Nadia F. from ePlasty. Twenty cases of cat bites to the hand and wrist were retrospectively reviewed between 2014 and 2018. Stress the importance of immediately washing the wound with antiseptic solution and water and seeking immediate evaluation. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. Cat bites create narrow, deep puncture wounds. It's the worst animal in the UK to be bitten by. Pasteurella multocida is the most common isolated pathogen transmitted from cats.2 The animals long and sharp canine teeth penetrate the skin, causing deep puncture wounds and providing an avenue for the induction of bacteria. Though these injuries are typically not life-threatening. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Of those admitted to the hospital, 38 patients needed surgery to clean the wound or remove infected tissue. In todays blog post, Dr. Brandon P. Donnelly discusses why the risk of a cat bite infection has become a growing concern. eCollection 2022. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Acute carpal tunnel syndrome of the hand following a cat bite. Introduction. eCollection 2021 Sep. Malizos KN, Papadopoulou ZK, Ziogkou AN, Rigopoulos N, Athanaselis ED, Varitimidis SE, Dailiana ZC. Puncture wounds from a cat bite have a high risk of infection. The most common cause of human bites is a tooth-induced injury to the metacarpophalangeal joint as a result of a punch to the mouth (clenched fist injury). Deep puncture wounds from animal bites become morbid if not promptly tended and closely followed. Mr. Hs medical history included hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and tobacco abuse. In rare cases, these infections can be fatal. 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Treatment can be nonoperative or operative depending on the zone of injury. Mr. H. was then sent for immediate orthopedic surgical evaluation. Use soap and water or an antiseptic such as hydrogen peroxide or alcohol. Misunderstanding this risk has led to a worrying number of hospitalizations, as patients require surgery to clean wounds or remove tissue thats become infected. One study in the New England Journal of Medicine estimated that 63% of cat bites were on the patients hands, followed by the arm with 23% of bites. 2015 Jan;23(1):47-57. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-23-01-47. "Every time they would stitch me up after flushing the wound the infection would just get worse. Weber DJ, Wolfson JS, Swartz MN, Hooper DC. Their razor-sharp teeth and nails can puncture deeply, sometimes penetrating tissues, ligaments and tendons. Cat bite victims sometimes must have their wounds surgically irrigated or even have infected tissue removed, a procedure called debridement. The researchers studied nearly 200 cat bite cases that occurred between 2009 and 2011. loss of sensation in . Not all cat bites lead to infection, but enough do to warrant caution. The .gov means its official. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2006;31:468-473. After receiving his medical degree fromLouisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, where he was awarded the Orthopedic Surgery award. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The right arm was placed in a sling for elevation of the extremity. Positive tactile response to the digits of the right hand was achieved. [Hyatt, 2017] Patients often present 2-5 days after an injury. The patient was switched to cefuroxime (Ceftin) 500 mg b.i.d. In the case of dogs and cats, thats not always the case. The information shared in this article is not a substitute for medical care. (See also Overview and Evaluation of Hand Disorders Overview and Evaluation of Hand Disorders Common hand disorders include a variety of deformities, ganglia, infections, Kienbck disease, nerve compression syndromes, noninfectious tenosynovitis, and osteoarthritis. Bites that appear at first to be minor can ultimately end up requiring serious medical attention, with outcomes far worse than an apparently more damaging dog bite. 2021 Sep 9;9(9):e3778. Issues related to infectious tenosynovitis will be reviewed here. However, more severe reactions can occur, and rashes can develop. You love your cat. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies . In areas where MRSA is prevalent, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, doxycycline, or linezolid should be used instead of a cephalosporin. Almost 40% of cases had flexor tendon sheath infection of the fingers. If a cat bite breaks your skin, you should seek medical attention if: A cat bite carries a high risk of infection and can be dangerous. Its recommended that you have a tetanus booster after a cat bite if its been more than 5 years since youve had the vaccine. Check for signs such as bruising, punctured skin, bleeding, and objects stuck in the wound. After being advised of the risk for infection, Mr. H agreed to follow up in three days or sooner if symptoms worsened. Human and other mammalian bite injuries of the hand: evaluation and management. We cannot answer questions about whether your bite needs medical attention in the comments section. Cat Bites: Dont Take Them Lightly (Info & Treatment). for three to five days or one double-strength trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole tablet b.i.d. There is a remarkable amount of research around cat bites. Conclusions: Therefore, its important to get an infection from a cat bite treated. According to a Mayo Clinic review of records for 193 cat bite victims, 36 were immediately admitted to the hospital, where they stayed an average of three days. The average time people waited between getting bitten and seeking treatment was 27 hours. I now fear joint or bone or tendon . When they bite you, they are essentially injecting bacteria deep into your skins tissue. What are are the Differences between Cat and Dog Bites? of dog bites, middle-aged women were the most common victims of cat bites to the hand, according to the Mayo Clinic study. Can antioxidants supercharge your brain power? Lim JS, et al. Cat bites carry other risks besides infections. A serious infection can develop 24-48 hours after being bitten. Cats bite mostly on hands, arms or legs. 2006 Mar;31(3):468-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.12.011. Cat bite; animal bite; infection. A regular cat bite that just breaks the skin isn't really anything to worry about. - dog bite: - consider viridans strep, pasteurella multocida, bacteroides, fusobacterium, capnocytophaga; - prophylactic treatment: augmentin / amoxicillin or with allergy ( cipro + clindamycin) Animal mouths contain a lot of bacteria which is why you want to wash it out with soap and water for around 5 minutes. "I washed the wounds on my wrist and put antiseptic on them," Bothun said. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are only 1 to 3 cases in the United States each year. Within a couple of hours the area was in severe pain, swollen, and red. We recommend that any symptomatic cat bites to the upper limb, especially hand and wrist, must be treated promptly, essentially within 48 hours of injury, particularly in immunocompromised population. eCollection 2021 Nov. Savu AN, Schoenbrunner AR, Politi R, Janis JE. Be sure to stay calm if you are bitten by a cat. The more severe the bruising or bleeding looks, the worse the bite is. The drug of choice is amoxicillin/clavulanate 875 mg/125 mg b.i.d. Patient demographics, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory values, and long-term follow-up data were collected. Another SOLID Site, WALANT | Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet. It is especially dangerous for a cat to bite the wrist or hand - all places where joints, bones and tendons are close to the surface. Wrist tendonitis is irritation and inflammation of the tendons at the wrist joint. Infections occur as a result of a combination of the oral flora of the animal and the human skin flora. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Copyright 2014 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. . Carlsen said the study showed the hand and wrist are the perfect breeding ground for bacteria, making outpatient antibiotic treatment hard. But bewareyour cat can make you sick. (See also complex read more .). "The bites lead to serious infections that can require multiple hospitalizations, antibiotics and sometimes surgery," Carlsen said. Dog bites take about twice as long to set in. A dogs powerful jaws and blunt teeth tend to leave a larger wound, but they dont penetrate as deeply. The subjects were 18 females and two males aged 27-86 years (mean age of 58 years). And while cuts. Does the amount of Vitamin D you have affect your odds of getting multiple sclerosis? Immediately after the incident, Mr. H. washed his wounds with soap and water, applied antibiotic ointment, and took ibuprofen for pain relief. 1. Treatment for wrist tendonitis can include rest, icing, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hand therapy, and cortisone injections. A peripherally inserted central catheter line was placed and IV ceftriaxone (Rocephin) administered. [Brusalis, 2017] Penetrating injuries are the most common (ex, cat scratch/bite). Fever. He described severe nonradiating pain to his right hand and second digit unrelieved by Vicodin or Naprosyn. Bothun said she still feels pain in her wrist and does not have full movement. Dawn Bothun, of Minnesota said a bite on her hand turned into an eight-week hospital ordeal and $150,000 in medical bills. The patients involved in the study were all bitten on the hand. INTRODUCTION. Cat bites are more frequent in the mornings, in the summer, and in spring [4]. Give them time to calm down before approaching them. The average of the participants was 49 years old, and 69 percent were women. Cats bite for a variety of reasons. Once trapped under the skin, these bacteria spread and multiply, causing infection and inflammation (cellulitis) of the surrounding soft tissues. Read on to learn more about symptoms and how to prevent bug bites. A more serious infection may lead to pus or what looks like red streaks down your skin and may cause fever. Diagnosis is made clinically by physical examination and performing various provocative tests depending on the location of the injury. any link with venom from cat bite affecting central nervous system? If youre bitten by a stray, it may be necessary to capture the animal so it can be observed. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. "They can be very serious. There were no signs of infection and no pain. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0372-2022. Cat bite infections of the hand: assessment of morbidity and predictors of severe infection. These red streaks are from the infection traveling down your lymph system. If the cat who bit you was not current on his rabies vaccination or was a stray with unknown vaccination status, you may need to undergo prophylactic treatment for rabies. Delayed presentation of infected cat bites increased the likelihood of more complicated surgeries such as amputation. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. Noninfected bite wounds may require surgical debridement and prophylaxis with 50% of the dose of antibiotic used to treat infected wounds. Mean length of hospital stay was 3.4 days in Group A, and 9.2 days in Group B, (p < .01). If the wound is deep, if you see signs of infection as listed above, or if you have any other reason for concern, be sure to see your doctor. 6. Copyright 2023 Haymarket Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved Careers. Mr. H was unable to perform full flexion of the second digit. Of those, 57 were hospitalized; on average, they were in the hospital three days. We've visualized two studie We've visualized the results of a new clinical trial that compared butter, cocon How long does COVID-19 live on Plastic? 2 deep puncture wounds along the pinky by the wrist, 1 in the middle above the wrist & another with a tear by the wrist along the thumb. Can Vitamin D affect your risk of heart disease? Dog or cat bites to the hands are the most severe injuries, often requiring surgical intervention and hospitalization.1 Infectious complications occur in approximately 50% of cat bites. It may be painful or tender when touched or pressed. Zoonotic disease: What can I catch from my cat? Camacho Zamora P, Romn Cabello M, lvarez Garca P, Vzquez Canal E. Rev Esp Quimioter. A red area around a cat scratch or bite that continues to get bigger for more than 2 days after the injury. Frost Bite most commonly injures your ears and nose. Bookshelf A fever is considered a temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. If you do get a cat bite, youll likely find out pretty quickly if its going to get infected. Dog or cat bites to the hands are the most severe injuries, often requiring surgical intervention and hospitalization.1 Infectious complications occur in approximately 50% of cat bites whereas with dog bites, the overall estimated infection rate is 2% to 20%. Early treatment is beneficial in decreasing the risk of infection. Infections occur more frequently in cat bites because cats have extremely sharp, pointed teeth that can cause deep puncture wounds. Unlike other animal bites, which can tear flesh and even break bones, these deeper wounds are much harder to clean. 2023 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Satellite Information Network, LLC. An initial assessment of early cellulitis and right-hand pain secondary to the cat bite and fall was made. A doctor may give you a tetanus vaccine booster if you havent had a tetanus vaccine in the last 5 years. Tendons And Ligaments In The Hand Are. The skin on the second digit of the right hand showed significant edema and erythema circumferentially (Figure 1). Animal bites on your hand and fingers are common, especially from pets like dogs and cats. Mr. H, age 45 years, presented to the clinic following a cat bite to his right hand 14 hours prior. These findings should increase concern for a severe infection and warrant hospitalization and urgent consultation with a hand surgeon. "Every time they would stitch me up after flushing the wound, the infection would just get worse. The subjects were 18 females and two males aged 27-86 years (mean age of 58 years). No drainage, fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, or wheeze was reported. The trusted provider of medical information since 1899, Overview and Evaluation of Hand Disorders, Digital Flexor Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis (Trigger Finger), Last review/revision Apr 2022 | Modified Sep 2022. cat bites Pasteurella (most common, 70-80% of cat bite infections) Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella septica causes intense pain, swelling in 48h other organisms similar to dog bites Associated conditions secondary bacterial infection most bites do not become infected risk factors for infection bite to hand, foot, or major joint Most domestic cats are already vaccinated against rabies. National Library of Medicine There was minimal pain and bleeding. Osteomyelitis following domestic animal bites to the hand: Two case reports and practical guidelines. Bula-Rudas FJ, et al. Obviously, the best bite is the one that has been prevented. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.". They can seed bacteria in the joint and tendon sheaths. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003778. The most common symptoms of infection from a cat bite include: redness or discoloration swelling inflammation warmth a bump or blister where the bite wound is located More serious symptoms of. In cat bite wounds, they are followed by Streptococci, Staphylococci, Neisseria and Moraxella spp. Infection in these tissues can be very painful and difficult to treat. Determine the severity of the bite. If you decide to delay medical care, watch closely for signs of infection. Rabies is rare but deadly. 2004 Oct;74(10):859-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-1433.2004.03189.x. 2021 Nov 1;71:102993. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102993. Emergency Medicine 46 years experience. These bites may look harmless, but it is important to take immediate medical action after the initial injury. Discomfort. ", SOURCE: Mayo Clinic, news release, Feb. 5, 2014. The site is secure. Bites on the hand are also at a high risk of infection. . fever or chills. eCollection 2022 Jan-Mar. In the Mayo Clinic study, eight of the 193 patients surveyed required more than one operation, and some had to have reconstructive surgery. "When the cat bites the hand, the joints and tendons are protected with fluid and there is no circulation so bacteria can grow like crazy, making treatment longer in some case.". Debridement including removal of foreign material associated with open fractures and or dislocations; skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle fascia, muscle, and bone (11012) Debridement; skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle (11043) Debridement; skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone (11044) Excisional preparation or creation of recipient site . PEP isnt generally needed if the cat isnt showing signs of rabies, but the cat should be monitored for at least 10 days to be sure. Brought to you by Merck & Co, Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside the US and Canada) dedicated to using leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Clean bite wounds thoroughly with soap and water. Because cats have extremely sharp teeth, their bites penetrate the skin easily and cause small but deep wounds. Cat bites may look small, but they can turn into serious problems. Around 2% of attendances in the emergency department are due to bite injuries, most commonly from dogs, cats, and humans.If left untreated, bites have a high risk of becoming infected.. . Complications were common among these patients. You should not use this information in place of a consultation or the advice of your healthcare provider. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. With these locations, it's not hard for a cat to puncture a joint or the layer of membrane that covers a tendon. It can happen even with the most loving, docile cat: an overexcited cat nips her guardian while playing, or accidentally bites her guardians finger while accepting a treat. While all bites carry bacteria, your body manages to fend off most infections from dog bites. The warm and dark inner layers of your skin are optimal for the growth of the bacteria. Dr. Philip Schwarzman answered. Early treatment reduces the severity of many animal bites. Which means there are very few white blood cells to fight the bacteria, and they have an easy time infecting your tendon cells. POA Help "Present On Admission" is defined as present at the time the order for inpatient admission occurs conditions that develop during an outpatient encounter, including emergency department, observation, or outpatient surgery, are considered POA. Your physician may also recommend a tetanus shot. Sources: Babovic N, Carlsen BT, Cayci C. Cat Bite Infections of the Hand: Assessment of Morbidity and Predictors of Severe Infection. Kheiran A, Palial V, Rollett R, Wildin CJ, Chatterji U, Singh HP. While cat bites look a lot smaller than dog bites, cat bites have certain features that make them more dangerous. left hand was severely bitten by a cat that animal control brought in. When a cat lands on the ground incorrectly after jumping, the ligaments and tendons are at risk of tearing, rupturing or breaking down over time. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Go to doctor or ER: Cat bites to the hand and wrist have a high incidence of infection. You can contract cat scratch fever from cats infected with Bartonella henselae bacteria. MeSH Victims should be especially concerned about the risk of a cat bite infection if they develop swelling or inflamed skin. The information in this post is not a substitute for medical care. Use to remove results with certain terms Epub 2022 Jul 20. Theres also the risk that a cats teeth will break off during a bite and need to be extracted. However, play it safe by washing the area thoroughly with soap and water. While the kitten grabbing at your hand and biting your fingers may be adorable, it wont be so adorable anymore when he has grown into an adult cat. Enechukwu AOM, Bucher F, Dastagir K, Jokuszies A, Vogt PM, Knneker S. Ann Med Surg (Lond). Tendon necrosis and rupture; Hand dysfunction; Amputation; Systemic infection ~75% of cases are associated with antecedent injury. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Cat bite injuries to the hand can progress to serious infection. Review: The Cat in the Window And Other Stories of the Cats We Love. When the injury has occurred, wash the wound with soap and then apply antiseptics. "A bite on the thigh probably isn't an issue because the cat probably just bites the fat," Carlsen said. 1. Accessibility Tendon rupture: When a tendon separates from the tissue, in part or completely, it is supposed to be attached to, a tendon rupture occurs. Instead, call the animal control office in your area. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site.