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Zambia is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, to the east of Angola. Convectional rain. Some bridges have been submerged in the same area, hampering access. the Western Province are also part of Zone 2.The zone has a total area of 27.4 million ha, of which 87% could be used for agricultural purposes, but only 50% of this is accessible.The remainder has been set aside for national parks, game management areas and forests.Zone 2 is characterised by an annual rainfall It also means more runoff, more percolation, and more water erosion. In south India, the Mangalore is located on the western windward slope and gets 2000 mm of rainfall. Also falls at a shorter distance downwind of the ridge are called spillover, sometimes. slope and dry conditions on the downwind slope. Zambia has a predominantly humid subtropical climate with small patches of semi-arid steppe in the southwest of the country. Aberfoyle Tea Estate in the Honde Valley Eastern Highlands is one of the places that receive a lot of Relief rainfall. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. On average, it rains one in three days in the UK. More About Us. Its surface is almost invariably consisting of a geologically stable land mass made up of the pre-Cambrian basement rock overlain in part by sedimentary cover of a later period. In some years, it moves south of Zambia, leading to a "little dry season" in the north of the country for three or four weeks in December. Two Earthquakes Compared Nepal and LAquila, Lombok Indonesia Earthquake 2018 Case Study, 2018 Sulawesi Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami Case Study. For this answer typeHow does Frontal Rainfall occurs?Miissmeg. When it cools to the dew point, clouds form and rain follows.This usually occurs on flat land.This type of rainfall often causes summer showers and thunderstorms.. The western part of Zambia that borders Angola is significantly warmer. Safaris, Uganda 1,015mm (39.96 inches). agriculture Jamaica Case Study, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? Sustainable development in the desert The Great Green Wall. However, parts of Muchinga and Northern provinces as well as Mansa, Ndola, Kabompo, Senanga, Livingstone and surrounding areas are likely to receive normal to below normal rainfall. On the plateau (covering about 80% of the country) mean minimums for June in the cool dry season are in the range 612C, mean maximums for October, the hot dry season are 2835C. Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. 6 2.1 Climate of Zambia . management effectiveness of the national protected areas system. Humanitarian organizations were already providing life-saving assistance due to drought in some of the areas affected by the floods, especially in southern and western Zambia. November - An unpredictable month, but usually with some afternoon rain. The main sites are: The Mopane tree Colophospermum mopane is also a legume and grows in hotter locations than the miombo species, and so Mopane woodlands, covering about 15% of the country, replace southern miombo woodlands at lower elevations in valleys in the south of the country, principally: This ecoregion, covering about 5% of Zambia in the south-west, is dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga, Zambian teak. The hot surface heats up the air near it causing it to rise. . For example, with both mountains and valleys in the area, the local relief of Yosemite National Park is impressive. Warm air is pushed up and over the terrain and cools at the higher altitude, producing . As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. A total of 98 deaths occurred during October 4, 2017-May 12, 2018, in Lusaka; 40 (41%) deaths were reported by cholera treatment centers (CTCs), and 58 (59%) deaths occurred in the community. According to the Zambia Meteorological Development agency, annual rainfall has dropped from an average 1,200 mm to below 600 mm in most areas over the last two years. condense into a cloud and then rains. the rain season ranges from 120 to 150 days.The soils are highly leached and generally acidic, . The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. The biomes and ecoregions in the ecology of Zambia are described, listed and mapped here, following the World Wildlife Fund's classification scheme for terrestrial ecoregions, and the WWF freshwater ecoregion classification for rivers, lakes and wetlands. The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. flat and/or in low-lying areas. About our use of cookies, Please select which cookies you would like to keep switched on. The rate of increase is most rapid in the winter, at 0.34C per decade. On the plateau (covering about 80% of the country) temperature ranges, depending on location are: Most of the country is frost-free but in some years ground frost occurs. Population Zambia's population is about 10.9 million (2004), of which 64 percent is rural (Table 1). "The government of Zambia has an interest in maize, that's why they go in . National Parks of the country like the Luangwa National Park, Kafue National Park, etc., act as wildlife havens. Economic opportunities and challenges in Lagos. Philip is our Zambia expert and author of more than 20 guidebooks to Africa. Tours, South Africa The latter may also survive the dry season through drought-resistant forms. Copyright 2023 SafariBookings. Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate, but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. necta biology Rainfall amount is the most important determinant of the type and distribution of ecoregions. The government of Zambia through the ZVAC undertook an assessment of the impact of the drought situation on different sectors during the month of May 2019. Safaris, Zimbabwe Once over the top of the mountain the air will usually drop down the other side, warming as it does so. As the air rises and cools, the orographic clouds form and serve as the precipitation source, where most falls upwind of the mountain ridge. A map of areas threatened by a wildfire, for instance, would have a date, and perhaps even a time, to track the progress of the wildfire. Authorities indicated that this year's crop damage has been more extensive that those of other past flood seasons. Moderate rain describes . When it cools to the dew point, clouds form and rain follows.This usually occurs on flat land.This type of rainfall often causes summer showers and thunderstorms.. A historical map of the ancient Sumerian Empire would have a date range of between 5,000 B.C. National Geographic/World Wildlife Fund: "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World. Due to high rainfall and bad roads, the Wet season months from December to March are not ideal for visiting Zambia. The Zambia Meteorological Department has warned of more flash floods and heavy fall in North-western, Central, Copperbelt and Lusaka Provinces. [citation needed], For the human population, the location of rural settlements is determined by access to water in the dry season (though boreholes are now commonly used to augment supplies). It is widespread on the west coast of the United Kingdom due to the prevailing weather coming from that direction. Copy. Where are Temperate Deciduous Woodlands Located? Where are the areas of water deficit and surplus in the UK? How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Rio de Janeiro? Three climate regions are recognized based on rainfall dynamics and vegetation: Region 1: Tropical savannas covering the country's major valleys, including the driest areas of Zambia, with annual rainfall below 600 mm. Rainfall. At that time many camps in Kafue, Lower Zambezi and the more remote parks shut down. Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. to 716 pp (EUR), Zambia: kcse past papers kcse history notes The numbers relate to the location labels on the map. What is chemical and mechanical weathering? kcse necta csee chemistry past papers GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Researched evidence suggested that temperature was likely to increase by 1.82oC and rainfall reduce by 0.87 percentage points by 2050. Leguminous tree species dominate, which are deciduous, losing leaves in the dry season and producing a flush of new leaves, often reddish, just before the onset of the rains. How has hot desert vegetation adapted to the climate? Safaris & Tours, Botswana moves southward with the apparent movement of the sun in the southern summer and brings rain to the greater part of Zambia. Landforms in the middle course of a river. proposed in areas not yet severely affected by land degradation and drought. Annual rainfall can reach up to about 1200 mm. Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . Protection of cold environments as wilderness areas. To access more Ordinary level Geography topics go to Geography Notes Home. Safaris, Tanzania Relief rainfall is formed when the aircools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. It can occur almost Here are the three main types of rainfall: Relief Rainfall. Changing rates of rainforest deforestation. How is demand for energy changing in the UK? Relief rain. Black soils of floodplains are fertile, grasses grow on them as soon as the annual flood recedes and provide a rich resource for herbivores. Zambia has not been spared from the scourge of land degradation especially during the past ten (10) years. The leeward side is sometimes known as a rain shadow area. You can expect rain for roughly half of the month of November in Zambia. What is the Demographic Transition Model? Why is the weather of the UK so changeable? How are Nigerias trading and political relationships changing? None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. This page includes a chart with historical data for Zambia Average Precipitation. geography acsee history of South Africa But Bangalore is in rain . The rains are brought by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and are characterised by thunderstorms, occasionally severe, with much lightning and sometimes hail. What are the air masses that affect the UK? The fires are ignited by villagers hunting, burning crop residue, and preparing chitemene gardens; or by lightning in the early rainy season. chemistry past paper 70.5. This type of rainfall is common in places with mountains and sea. Relief Rainfall. Species susceptible to trypanosomiasis are not found in such valleys. They are found: This endangered ecoregion is found in only one small area (less than 1%) of northern Zambia, named after Sumbu, and it found is in only location anywhere else, an equally small area of central Tanzania (Itigi). As the air descends, it warms, meaning it can carry water moisture, so there is little rain on this side of the mountain. A two-dimensional relief map displays the topography of a given area. Three climate regions are recognized based on rainfall dynamics and vegetation: Region 1: Tropical savannas covering the country's major valleys, including the driest areas of Zambia, with annual rainfall below 600m m. mathematics past papers The result has This saturated cloud with water vapor begins to The views are spectacular from both the Zambian and Zimbabwean sides of the falls, and it is now a great time to book a helicopter flight over the falls. Use the images below to explore related GeoTopics. SPACE DYNAMICS AND CLIMATOLOGY This refers to the landscape position and the slopes it has. Projected Weather and Climate. Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted by severe drought. . Dambos also release groundwater to streams and rivers towards the end of the dry season, keeping them flowing permanently. When the Sun heats the Earth's surface, the ground heats the air above it. What are the causes of deforestation in the Amazon? Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. Average annual rainfall over Zambia has decreased by an average rate of 1.9mm per month per decade since 1960 primarily due to decreases from December to February. This causes the air to expand and rise. Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. Agriculture, fishery and forestry, which account for 20 per cent of Zambian GDP, shrunk by 2.6 per cent in 2001. What are the effects of deforestation in the Amazon? Relief (or Orographic) rainfall occurs in areas with mountains and/or complex terrains. Three types of rainfall are: Convectional rainfall, this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. 15.099 Bush fires range across most of the country in the later dry season, escaping from "chitemene cultivation" and caused by villagers burning off crop residue or hunting, as well as by lightning strikes. Such communities are said to be edaphic, and are found on grey dambo soils, black floodplain soils and Kalahari sands. Human and physical factors causing river flooding. In the north, rainfall is 1 250mm / 50in or more a year . - Temperature: the mean temperature is predicted to increase in Zambia with a greater frequency of 'Hot' days1 and nights and very few 'Cold'2 days or nights - Rainfall: changes in rainfall are less certain, but rainfall is expected to increase in the rainy season and the winter is expect to be even drier. What are shanty town improvement schemes? Dr. Roland Bumle (BGR) Dr. Christoph Neukum (BGR) Jack Nkhoma (DWA) Oscar Silembo (DWA) Commissioned by: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. Highland areas to the west receive the most annual rainfall compared to the low-lying areas in the east. conserves both inter-specific and intra-specific diversity of crop species . Together with their associated rivers, the WWF categorises these freshwater ecoregions in Zambia: Zambezi Basin made up of (not shown on the map): On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Zambia. Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land. Integrated learning-by-doing approach as a respond to climate change impacts. Zambia is considered to be vulnerable to climate change which might lead to more variability in rainfall amounts and length of the rainy season. Relief Rainfall. Hydrol., 59: 173--187. In winter, theres hardly any rain and humidity is low. None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. What is the structure of the tropical rainforest? landforms. During the rainy season months of November to April or May some days may be humid, but daily maximum temperatures are usually a little lower than in the hot dry season. Lower average altitudes characterize most of the areas in the North. civics How does geology affect the formation of river landforms? Sure, this shaded relief map is nice. Economic activities in glaciated upland areas, Glaciation Photo gallery Goat Fell, Isle of Arran. It is well adapted to hot dry areas on sandy soils, and forms extensive forests which have been over-exploited by commercial timber production over the past 75 years, in: These are the most extensive non-floodplain grasslands in Zambia, covering about 5% of the country in the west, and support large herds of wildebeest which migrate between western Zambia and Angola. The most extensive ecoregion covering about 50% of the country, characterised by Miombo trees (Brachystegia sp. Kalantary, C. (2010). The Mfuwe section of South Luangwa can be visited at any time of year. Q Explain why Sialkot has over 250 mm of rain in July and August? Stage 1. They may kill animals, and damage crops if the rains end early and fires happen before harvest. When classified according to the rate of precipitation, rain can be divided into categories. k) Highland areas along the equator experience modifi ed equatorial climate. Annual maize production in Zambia was on average 1.1 Mt in the period 2000 to 2010, and average yields of about 1.5 t/ha that have not significantly changed over the past 20 years. Relief rainfall occurs very frequently near mountains beside the sea. In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. This indicates that groundwater in Zambia usually has very low concentrations of dissolved constituents (total dissolved solids concentrations are typically less than 200 mg/l).