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It got rid of the feudal system and created the Meiji Constitution establishing a bureaucratic, centralized government. This eventually led to their expansion. Tomioka Silk Mill (started operation in 1872) To promote modernization, the Meiji government also focused on the construction of Western-style factories. The Shogunate Before From 1603 to 1868 Japan was a feudal society with a hierarchy of lords, samurai, and peasants. The labor force in Japan was mainly unskilled and did not recognize the new technologies. How did the Meiji Restoration change Japan? While teaching materials in the early Meiji years were overwhelmingly translated from western sources, room was nonetheless made for the largely samurai staff to instruct their pupils in the traditional values they themselves had been brought up with. As a result, there were 20,000 schools nationwide. https://www.britannica.com/event/Meiji-Restoration, Asia for Educators - The Meiji Restoration and Modernization, The abolition of the feudal system and all feudal class privileges, The construction of transport and communication systems. All feudal class privileges were abolished as well. However, the Meiji Restoration was a total reinvention of Japan. Moreover, Japan started to import raw materials which were manufactured into finished products and then were sold to other countries. Economic Effects of Meiji Restoration. What were some political effects of the Meiji Restoration? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The administrative reorganization had been largely accomplished by 1871, when the domains were officially abolished and replaced by a prefecture system that has remained in place to the present day. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Why did the Meiji reformers want to modernize Japan? Why is Japan called the Land of the Rising Sun? This led to the loss of many Buddhist artifacts of historical and cultural value. The Japanese had no weapons to match the American firepower, so they had to agree with Perry's demand. The Meijis rule or era had a lot of trade relations with the international countries. Zangiri-atama is a hairstyle in which the chonmage (topknot) is cut off and kept short. Japan utilized the weapons in war times that enabled them to secure their territory. Japan went as far as being accepted as a member in the Ruling Directorate of International Society. First, the capital was moved from Kyoto to Edo, which became known as Tokyo. Lastly, there were those countries that acted in partnership with Japan in terms of trade. A picture of Ginza, now part of Tokyo, in the 1880s. Finally, industrialization became a major focus after seeing Commodore Perry's powerful ships and weapons. For example, Japan changed from a feudal system to a more structured government. These enterprises developed into great banking companies and improved commercial businesses. The population in the city of Tokyo was distributed evenly. By the end, Japan had become a strong new nation with its own kokutai and aspirations to become a world imperial power. In addition, the new government carried out policies to unify the monetary and tax systems, with the agricultural tax reform of 1873 providing its primary source of revenue. During the Meiji Restoration, social change was synonymous with modernization and Westernization. This acted as prerequisite for the excellent learning methods that were employed during the Meijis period. An order was issued to cut off samurai-style hair. The first was Bunmei Kaika, or civilization and enlightenment. The Meiji Restoration also saw a dramatic increase in Westernisation, as Japan rapidly industrialised and adopted many Western technologies and ideas. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. During the Meiji Period, which ended with the emperor's death in 1912, the country experienced significant social, political and economic change-including the abolition of the feudal system and. Chinese military group were not prepared to the great modernization that had taken placed. Updates? There were three main causes of the Meiji Restoration: First, internal problems in Japan made ruling the country too difficult. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! In a wider context, however, the Meiji Restoration of 1868 came to be identified with the subsequent era of major political, economic, and social changethe Meiji period (18681912)that brought about the modernization and Westernization of the country. "Social changes" during the Meiji Restoration are expressed through a special and generic term in Japan: "Bunmei Kaika." Its literal translation is "blooming of civilization" but it was actually coined by Fukuzawa Yukichi as the translation of the English word "civilization." This effort alternatively was reflected in the economy of the country. The development resulted into Japan becoming a powerful industrial country. Today the government of Shinzo Abe is making much of the anniversary. Conscription system (draft system) The government also called this the blood tax.. Erin has taught English and History. In addition, the privileges of the Samurai were declined as other groups such as burakumin had legalized discrimination imposed against them. There were many forms of transitions that took place (Craig 150). These views on the emperor helped to create a social change: the anger of the Japanese government and people about the. The government forced people to change their hairstyle because the chonmage was seen as a barbaric custom in the eyes of Westerners. What were the effects of the Meiji Restoration? The era resulted into the introduction of boarder line trading. Social changes during the Meiji Restoration are expressed through a special and generic term in Japan: Bunmei Kaika. Its literal translation is blooming of civilization but it was actually coined by Fukuzawa Yukichi as the translation of the English word civilization.. Lots of things were modified in during. The Chinese branded themselves with the notion of self superiority. He is certified in South Carolina to teach both. These were finally sold to international markets and enhanced trade across borders. The reforms enacted . The Meiji Restoration completely transformed Japan by modernizing the country. Others mistakenly thought they could deliver parcels to distant places by telegraph and therefore hung parcels on the tower. However, this triggered a movement to abolish Buddhism, which led to the destruction of temples and Buddhist objects. One of the most significant changes was the end of feudalism in Japan. Therefore, it called for the former governor or leaders to step down and give way for the new leaders. But before Japan was a powerful Nation, it needed to modernize. This was seen in different sectors of the government. The modernization resulted into Japan being rated as the most developed in the whole of Eastern Asia. The aim was to restore imperial power under Mutsuhito, this was the decline of the Edo (Tokugawa) era 1603-1867 in Japanese history (the emperor Meiji). The Gregorian calendar (solar calendar) was adopted and implemented from January 1, 1873. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominally to the emperor and the kuge.In the term, dai () means 'large', and my stands for myden ( . An isolated, feudalistic island state in 1850, Japan had become a powerful colonial power with the most modern of institutions when Meiji's son, the Taisho emperor, took the throne in 1912. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. succeed. This therefore meant that the Japanese had the most powerful transformation which occurred within a single generation. I feel like its a lifeline. Largely the handiwork of thegenro(elder statesman)It Hirobumi, the constitution established a bicameral parliament, called the Dietin full Imperial Diet (Teikoku Gikai)that was to be elected through a limited voting franchise. You know, like old cars polished and souped-up to look like new again. to modernize. By the end of the Meiji Restoration: Japan became a modern nation-state. Among those were: The Meiji period that followed the Restoration was an era of major political, economic, and social change in Japan. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Because Japan had been a closed country since the 1600s, excluding one island in Nagasaki exclusively used by the Dutch, the shogunate reacted by declaring death to anyone who aided foreigners. The West was then forced to acknowledge the former little island of Asia as a comparative power. Education brought a smooth transition to the growth and transition into the Meijis period. All work is written to order. Universal education and industrialization helped build an educated populace with better transportation and communication technology. The system spread nationwide in 1872. The whole of Japan became interested in Western culture and began actively adopting it. The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. Those uprisings were repressed only with great difficulty by the newly formed army. The foresight by the Japanese to embrace modernizing was a great stepping stone into their winning strategies. How did the Meiji Restoration change Japan? These also had a collective name which was Tsushin-no-kuni. It was later converted into a train transportation system. During the Edo period, children in Japan learned to read, write, and use the abacus at schools called Terakoya (temple school). Rickshaw The jinrikisha is a vehicleinvented in Japan, based on the Western horse-drawn carriage. Most of the change occurred during the Meiji period which began in 1868 and lasted until 1912. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In its place, a democratic social and political system was established based on constitutional law over the course of about 20 years, and it led to significant economic reforms and growth. This was followed by the promulgation of the school system in 1872. Therefore, between 1894 and 1895, Japan was in a great position to defend itself against any external attacks by any external military forces. Great collaboration with the government and passion for development were the main contributors of the improved economy (Tipton 456). - Facts & Timeline, The English Civil War and the Rise of Cromwell's Theocracy, The Glorious Revolution of 1688: Events and Significance, Glorious Revolution Lesson Plan for Elementary School, What Is the English Bill Of Rights? The shogun was a member of the Tokugawa clan, so this time was known as the Tokugawa shogunate. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The growth in trade consequently led to the creation of modern communication lines and railway line. The Meiji Restoration was a coup dtat that resulted in the dissolution of Japans feudal system of government and the restoration of the imperial system. When they heard that messages traveled through the wires, some people thought that the telegrams were delivered physically through the wires. Meiji period was a form of historical transition in Japan. The perpetrators announced the ouster of Tokugawa Yoshinobu (the last shogun)who by late 1867 was no longer effectively in powerand proclaimed the young Meiji emperor to be ruler of Japan. The reforms enacted during the Meiji emperors rule brought about the modernization and Westernization of the country and paved the way for Japan to become a major international power. Unlike a tax at a defined rate per year, land reform creates the possibility of losing all one's land and the improvements in one go, i.e. Japan then expanded its operations into the First Sino-Japanese War, invading Korea and neighboring Chinese areas in the 1890s, which quickly developed into their invasion of Manchuria, where it would remain a Japanese possession for 50 years. During early industrialisation, women were worked in factories under poor conditions. Wholesale land reform has costs and inequities that make righting South Africa's central injustice through such a process inappropriate. Study for free with our range of university lectures! This system had also reduced many of its samurai warlords to glorified office clerks, forced to reside in Tokyo with the feudal lords they served. Japan became a modern nation-state. Although there were emperors of Japan before the Meiji . This oath was to act as a sign of treaty for change to more democratic governance. The Japanese phrase sonno joi, or "praise the emperor and expel the barbaric West," was present until the anti-Western movement was quickly quashed. By the 20th century, Japan had a modern constitution and national parliament, though it was not truly democratic. Furthermore, many feudal lords or daimyo disagreed with the absolute rule of the bakufu or shogunate, and his retainers, as the bakufu continued to isolate Japan while adhering to a feudal caste system of merchants, peasants, samurai, daimyo, shogun, and emporer, ranked respectively from lowest to highest. Japans first Ministry of Education was established in 1871 to develop a national system of education; it led to the promulgation of the Gakusei, or Education System Order, in 1872 and to the introduction of universal education in the country, which initially put emphasis on Western learning. This modernization was spread to almost all economic sectors in the country. This involved the formation of a completely new government that had new rules and regulations. Japan quickly instituted universal education, created a Western-style army and navy, and fell madly in love with something the American sailors were seen playing - baseball. They comprised part of the military, teaching staff, makers of guns and government officials. Adopting the slogan Enrich the country, strengthen the army (Fukoku kyhei), they sought to create a nation-state capable of standing equal among Western powers. Japan's Cabinet Secretariat has the overall responsibility for the implementation of the framework. (The school attendance rate in England at that time was 20% and the literacy rate was 10%). Secondly, there were countries that were grouped for trading. The new change of democracy and governance resulted to the signing of a charter oath by Emperor Hironto which was done with the Humanity Declaration Committee. The Meiji period that followed the Restoration was an era of major political, economic, and social change in Japan. View history. Japan also built a strong navy. The constitution was presented as a gift from the emperor, and it created a two-house parliament called the Imperial Diet. It knew the main brainstems of the economy. But in 1867, the 15th Tokugawa shogun resigned, and by 1868, the Meiji Restoration had begun. The enacting of a constitution and formalization of a parliamentary system of government. Furthermore, the new Japanese education . A quick skirmish led to other provinces breaking away from the shogunate and announcing their loyalty to the emperor alone. Meiji Restoration, in Japanese history, the political revolution in 1868 that brought about the final demise of the Tokugawa shogunate (military government)thus ending the Edo (Tokugawa) period (16031867)and, at least nominally, returned control of the country to direct imperial rule under Mutsuhito (the emperor Meiji). Major changes occurred in the roles of the Emperor, Samurai and Peasants during the Meiji period and the modernisation also assisted in fundamental changes such as diet, clothing and education. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. This is to pose the problem of the relationship between day-to-day politics and long-term socioeconomic change. Likewise, the educators of Meiji Japan (especially early on) were largely drawn from the shizoku. *You can also browse our support articles here >. This put an end to the policy of banning Christianity, which had been in place since the early Edo period. Read about the Meiji Restoration and its effects. Countries that acted as partners were like the Great Britain. Responding to those pressures, the government issued a statement in 1881 promising a constitution by 1890. Answer (1 of 2): 1. Also in 1871 a national army was formed, which was further strengthened two years later by a universal conscription law. This gave the emperor more powers as he would preside over all state business proceedings in the entire area of Japan (Shimposha 289). A privy council composed of the Meiji genro, created prior to the constitution, advised the emperor and wielded actual power. In addition, the era explained the major aspects of modernism which was more of a transition rather than a restoration era. The Meiji regime had a well established administration that included a prime minister. This was seen in the massive doubling in the infrastructure and production industry. What changes did the Meiji restoration bring about in japan? The Japanese emperors in that time knew well that for them to make it through the wars that were foreseen, they were to be well armed as the imperial superpowers. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. There are three factors that led to the smooth transformation of Meiji era. During the Edo Period, mixed bathing in public baths was common. What were the causes and effects of the Meiji Restoration? Draw students' attention to clothing, architecture, utilities, transportation, and other details. Also, the Meiji Emperor's father, the west-suspicious Komei, had died in 1867, leading to his more liberal son Meiji taking the throne. The modernization resulted into Japan being rated as the most developed in the whole of Eastern Asia. In addition, the country had gained a higher level of literacy at the time the Meijis era was about to begin. Create your account. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! The Tokugawa warlord system progressively transformed samurai into what a historian calls "civil servants." The Meiji period saw incredible social transformation. 'Restoration' sounds like you're going back, making things look how they used to look. Then, in 1853, United States commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay with four war ships and massive guns. In 1852, President Millard Fillmore sent Matthew C. Perry to negotiate with the Japanese about opening ports to American trade. confiscation. The town area urbanized progressively during the Togukuwa era. While a much more populated China had fallen into bloody civil wars and confrontations with the West, Japan's rise was markedly peaceful and successful, leading to further imperialistic expansion in the lead up to World War II. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. Japan replaced its feudalistic government, led by the Tokugawa Shogunate, with representative government; they copied Western ideas, including those of the nation-state and technology, with amazing successes and unified into a cohesive, educated, and aggressively expanding country. There were three main causes of the Meiji Restoration: First, internal problems in Japan made ruling the country too difficult. In addition, most small towns developed in bigger urban areas. She has a bachelor's degree in History, and a master's degree in International Relations. This led to production and manufacturing of more sophisticated goods that fitted in the modern revolution. Education, social class, and women's roles changed drastically when Japan began to modernize. The new national army put down early challenges from peasants and samurai rebelling in the countryside. Some critics argue that the strict binary gender differences, which are characteristics of modern society, were not present before the Meiji period in Japan (Sogojyoseishi Kenkyukai, 1993: 118-21; Yokota, 1995: 364). The arrival of American warships in 1853 destabilized Japan's political system and launched a transformation that made Japan into a major world power in less than 25 years. The Meiji Restoration (1868-1890) was named after the emperor, who took the name Meiji, which means 'enlightened rule.' The emperor and a new ruling class decided it was time to remodel Japan on a . It led to a new era of militarism in Japan, but it also created unity. - Definition, Summary & History, Iranian Revolution of 1979: Definition, Causes & Facts, Seven Years' War: Summary, Causes & Effects, The English Civil War: Failure of the Monarchy & Rise of Theocracy, English Civil War Lesson Plan for Elementary School, The Restoration of a Limited Monarchy in England: Definition & History, The Creation of Prussia: History & Timeline, French Revolution & Napoleon Lesson Plans, Imperialism & Industrialization Lesson Plans, Industrial Revolution Lesson Plans & Activities, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, High School US History: Homework Help Resource, High School US History: Tutoring Solution, Industrialization in Japan: Origins, Characteristics & Impact, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. But rather, they were the victims of a violent outburst of a feeling of imperialist entitlement by a country that had created a narrative about its own role in Asia, which its Chinese neighbors resolutely did not share. which began in 1868 and lasted until 1912. In 1885 a cabinet system was formed, and in 1886 work on the constitution began. In the event to counteract the issue, there arose a very powerful regime that resulted into a more of enlightened governance. MeijiRestoration was a significant Japanese event that happened in 1868bringing with it political economic and social change to the peopleof Japan (Jansen 781).