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), Deborah (1237-1198 B.C. THE BOOK OF JUDGES The Hebrew word translated "Judges" in the English title of the book refers not to specialized judicial officers or magistrates but to leaders in general. Those were the nations they failed to drive out as the Lord commanded earlier. This means that the 40-years of oppression under the Philistines, as recorded in Judges, ends at the same time as the Judges narrative. Shamgar was full of God's Anointing. These were not altars for idol worship, but a place in the backyard to offer private sacrifices. The current accepted date for the reign of Solomon is 970-930 BC following Thiele[1]. ), Ehud (1316-1237 B.C. Born as the answer to the prayers of his mother, his name reflected this. Figure 9: The Judges in the New Chronology. (1 Samuel 8:1-7). We will need to find those missing years or otherwise understand why no years are assigned to him. Judges 10:1-2. It opens on a very high note. Eli The name of his firstborn was Joel, and the name of his second, That reference is found in Judges 11:26 and quotes a letter sent by Jephthah to the king of Ammon: While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and its villages, in Aroer and its villages, and in all the cities along the banks of the Arnon, for three hundred years, why did you not recover them within that time? Jerub-Baal in Hebrew means: let baal contend. Consequently, the manuscripts that show 40 years likely reflect either a scribal error or an attempt by a later Christian copyist to align this passage with Acts 13:21. After reading the account of Ehud and the killing of about 10,000 Moabites, it is normal to see Shamgar and the Philistines he killed as simply part of a list of the accomplishments of a man of war. ways; they turned aside after dishonest gain, took bribes, and perverted We will not cover them all in detail, but have provided a table at the end which briefly outlines who they were. While Israel is oppressed 20 years by Jabin king of Hazor, Deborah judges between Bethel & Ramah: 1204-1184 BC. At this point, we have a choice of how to interpret this. Jerusalem, Israel. Many Christians have a misconception of what the judges of Israel did for their community. They moved it from one city to another and wherever it went the inhabitants suffered terrible plagues and died. During his judgeship so unsettled were the times that "the highways were unoccupied, and the travelers walked through byways" ( ib. Seeking the Gospel in Malachi, the Last Book of the Old Testament. Your email address will not be published. Into this Philistine-dominated world, Samson was born miraculously. Table 1: References in the Old Testament and Josephus. SHAMGAR in Hebrew means: cupbearer, fleer Tribe of Benjamite ? It touched my heart. In the end though, the dates are not very different and should there ever be an archaeological find that produces an approximate date for one of these judges it is unlikely to be precise enough to distinguish between the two proposed timelines. Therefore, his activity was similar to that of the judges. The issues with the orthodox, or generally accepted chronology were first raised by Peter James in his 1991 book Centuries of Darkness. thing displeased Samuel when they said, Give us a king to judge us. So Under Ehud, Israel had rest for 80 years ( Judges 3:30 ). The conquest of Jericho then occurs in the early Second Intermediate Period while Sheshi, the Pharoah whose scarabs are found at the time of the Jericho destruction, reigns in Avaris in Egypt. Shamgar did what he can at that critical time; This gives a total of only 26 years. See Jeremiah 47:4. (Josh. [9] This has led several recent scholars to theorize that the expression "son of Anath" probably designates a warrior title.[10]. (NKJV). In general, Josephus is in very close agreement with the Biblical sources, and he provides numbers to fill in the gaps that we have identified. He used an unlikely and ordinary weapon to defeat 600 big guys. The vacuum of leadership created by the death Joshua led to all sorts of challenges. Judges 3:31 Judge Shamgar. Realistically, the numbers likely varied with this number being the average, but as we have no other basis for allocating the 22 year reduction I will use the average numbers. Fortunately, we have another witness to consult to try and fill in these gaps. You have never talked to a mere mortal. [6] The term usually translated as oxgoad is a biblical hapax legomenon,[3] the translation into English being made on the basis of the Septuagint's translation into Greek. While most of the Canaanites had been overthrown, there yet remained enough to threaten the welfare of Israel. 13. Toggle navigation beckton gas works railway; how to find ceres in your chart Both options are identical from Moses through to the beginning of Othniels judgeship. But the people were so intent on having theirway, they ignored the admonitions of Samuel and chose instead to reject God (1 Samuel 8:10-22, especially verse 7). What scripture showing the timespan of Shamgars reign? While the name is not specifically, Israel, this reference also predates the Merneptah Stele. Samuel did not judge - i.e. Abijah; they were judges in Beersheba. For those not wishing to pursue either of the above options, the remaining option is to compress the periods between oppressions. However, before we move on, we need to consider how to best allocate the years between Samuel and Saul. You can find the original, 2018 version here. Probably not later that the time of Ehud, and perhaps only shortly after the death of Joshua. Some translations have inserted numbers there, but its important to understand that those numbers do not appear in any extant manuscripts. Learn facts that you cant learn just from reading the Bible A left-handed man, Ehud tricked Eglon, king of Moab, and killed him. However, further studies need to be carried out to determine the actual roles of this person in the scriptures. We can choose to interpret the 300-year figure as a precise number and thereby date the beginning of Jephthahs six-year judgeship to 1107 BC. We take a BRIEF look at Israel's third judge. All rights reserved. how many years did shamgar judge israel. 14. Besides lacking central temporal authority (i.e. Easily See 6017 Years of Biblical and World History Together! And the LORD said to Samuel, Heed the voice of From that point, Option 1.2 shifts approximately 5 years later in each of the 40-year intervals between judges (10 years later in the 80 year interval after Ehud). their rejection of God's direct rule, albeit through his judges and 15 Jehovah tells Gideon that his army of 32,000 is too large and that the size may give cause for human bragging about victory. Everyone did what was right in his own eyes." Consequently, the Judges account supports an early date for the Exodus. ), and Samson (1069-1049 B.C. There were great leaders as well as tyrannical leaders like Avimelech (see chart below). However, there is no Old Testament reference to the length of Sauls reign. Shamgar in Hebrew means: cupbearer, fleer. 12. Samuel was a judge and prophet of God who led Israel for over forty years. It was used for driving ox and other animals. The title "judge" makes us think of someone who determines guilt or innocence in a court case. [3] See https://patternsofevidence.com/2019/06/01/artifacts-show-biblical-exodus/ for photos and more detail on the Israel Stele, Berlin Pedestal, and Shasu of YHWH name ring. Who were those fifteen judges of Israel during this era? And so, before I dive into the timeline, I think it would be worthwhile to review each of these briefly. However, this number should be understood as the sum of the years given in scripture and not the actual elapsed time. ), Jephthah (1087-1081 B.C. They not only lost the war but the Ark was captured. Shamgar is not as compelling a character as, say, Gideon, or even Jephthah. Unlike the later period of the Kings, the information provided in Judges lacks both internal and external reference points to allow us to find dates. He also delivered Israel. During this period he was born, grew to manhood, and judged Israel for 20 years (Judges 15:20), beginning their deliverance. Judges 9:1-57 son of Gideon by a concubine - Tribe . So we need to allow adequate time for conquest of Canaan to be completed, and for Joshua and the other elders of Israel to die out. Regardless of the timeline used, after the conquest by Thutmose I the other major political powers in the Near East (the Hittites, Mittani, Assyrians and Babylonians) do not make incursions into the area of Israel until much later. In the Judges narrative and into the time of Saul and David, the Philistines are the primary oppressor of Israel. David Rohl in his New Chronology has identified a number of the figures from the time of I Samuel with those mentioned in the Amarna letters, most notably Saul. Start with your opening statement most scholars say was about 325 to 350 years. That gives us more to compress, but at last we have a full set of numbers to work with. For instance, in Judges 3:31 of the New International Version Bible, it was indicated that Shamgar was the son of Anath. But the Israelites had more than one enemy. So Like . So Deborah went with Barak to Kedesh. How Long In Prison? Lets keep this one in mind in case we need it later. was not the Leader even the majority of his life: He lived fifty-two years. Married Calebs daughter Achsa (Achsah), which in Hebrew means: serpent-charmer, because of a promise Caleb made to his troops. Judges 17 and 18 are concerned with events leading up to the conquest of the city of Laish by the tribe of Dan. Now appoint for us a king to judge us like all the nations (1 Samuel 8:5). And we cant forget that we still need a number for Samuel or to convince ourselves that his term as a judge completely overlaps that of Eli and the reign of Saul. 12. Much of this is simply because, In those days there was no king in Israel (Judges 21:25), and consequently no central government to fight wars, build monuments, keep records, or (perhaps most important to the Egyptians) levy taxes and pay tribute. The Philistines were, however, vassals of the Egyptian Pharoah. But 300 is a round number, and as such may not be precise. If Saul actually reigned for only 12 years, or even 20 years, where does this 40-year number come from? Amenhotep II follows up on his fathers efforts with campaigns in his years 2, 7, and 9. In fact in his Antiquities of the Jews, Flavius Josephus goes so far as to say that Ibzan, did nothing in the seven years of his administration that was worth recording, and makes similar comments about the next two judges (Ant 5.271-3). In my article on Saul I found, based on the details of the narrative in I Samuel, that the minimum length of Sauls reign is about 12 years. I Kings 6:1 provides us with the overall span of time between the Exodus and the reign of Solomon: And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel had come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomons reign over Israel, in the month of Ziv, which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD. And the LORD said to Samuel, Heed the voice of The name Shamgar is of Hebrew origin, which means sword. During his reign, the eastern border quieted down but the western one heated up. JUDGE SHAMGAR BY A. Scripture: Judges 3:31 Denomination: Baptist Summary: The verse does not state that Shamgar was in fact a judge, but that he also delivered Israel. 45 years from initial spying, Ant 5.117: Joshua for 25 years after Moses. Most of the inscription concerns a war with Libya but the last three lines describe a campaign in Canaan: The Berlin Pedestal. Son of Joash which in Hebrew means: great warrior - Gideon was from the tribe of Manasseh. For the next 40 years the Jewish people knew real peace. In addition to writing for the Salem Web Network, Lisa serves as a Word Weavers mentor and is part of a critique group. Based on scholars, the similar person was presented in this part of the Bible, and that the text was only moved from the Book of Judges and into the current location in the Song of Deborah. c. Deborah tells Barak to assemble his army for a battle that will take place at Mt. The dating of this inscription is disputed, but it may date as early as Thutmose III or as late as Rameses II. The opening Judges 4:4-5 tells this much: At that time Deborah, a prophetess, wife of Lappidoth, was judging Israel. The New Chronology has not achieved broad acceptance but is worth discussing due to the alignment it creates between the archaeological evidence and this timeline. Then all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel years through fifteen judges, who varied in their faithfulness to God. Shamgar is essentially a footnote at the end of Judges Chapter 3: 31After him [Ehud] was Shamgar the son of Anath, who killed six hundred men of the Philistines with an ox goad; and he also delivered Israel. I believe the 40-year reign for Saul to be a Jewish tradition from Pauls time. The book of Judges is a sad book in many respects. TOLA in Hebrew means: crimson/warm color Tribe of Issachar Ruled for 23 years 1149BC-1129BC. In addition, his name, Shamgar, is Hurrian (people who flourished across theNear East from the fourth to the first millennium BC. The best we can tell from the fragment is that the length of Sauls reign likely ended in a 2, but thats it. Judge Shamgar, in the Book of Judges, was a great man who was able to drive away the Philistines and prevent them from invading the Israelite regions. This coincides with the period of Midianite oppression. In solving a problem like the chronology of the Judges period, it is best to start with what we can be certain about: the firm dates and time periods that we can rely on. Before Joshua died he conquered as much as ninety percent of the Land, divided it among the tribes and disbanded the great army he had assembled. Abdon Usshers approach to solving the problem of the extra years was to collapse the periods of bondage and peace so that the period of bondage was included in the period of peace as shown above. It also places the 40-year oppression and Samson in parallel with Eli. As indicated above, I do not believe that Option 1.1 is viable because it compresses the time between the conquest and the first oppression to an unreasonable level. The Philistines came back with a vengeance and remained the main enemy of Israel for the next 100 years. Thought to be an Ephramite because she resided in Ephraim (4:5), Deborah judged and led Israel for 60 years in the 12th century B.C. However, the sum total of the years given from Jephthah to Saul is 163 and so we are looking for at least a 66-year reduction. I see two possible sources for this number. But, to me, you do a lot of twisting and turning to get to your numbers (like not counting Samson, when the Bible says He judged Israel twenty years: Judg 16:31. Verse 31 shows that he was on the scene during, or just after, Ehudduring or just after an 80-year period of peace for Israel from the Moabites in the east (verse 30). On top of everything, the era of the Judges was a period of almost continual warfare a state of affairs that would continue until the time of Samuel, the last of the Judges. The Jewish Encyclopedia suspects him of having been a foreign oppressor of the Israelites, rather than an Israelite ruler. As noted above in the Archaeology section, this name has been found on inscriptions from this period. Gideon was a simple farmer when God called him to save the Jewish people. On top of his technological advantage, he aligned himself with the greatest General of the time, Sisera, who had never lost a battle. DEBORAH in Hebrew means: bee, wasp (prophetess) 40 years 1237BC-1198BC Judges 4-5. 8 Barak said to her, "If you go with me, I will go; but if you don't go with me, I won't go.". In those ancient times, the word Mesopotamia described the fertile, well-watered area that would be today Eastern Syria and Northern Iraq. Although they had the Tabernacle (which centuries later would be replaced by the Temple in Jerusalem), there was competition from private altars (bamos in Hebrew). ), Shamgar (1262-1247 B.C. There is no indication of any period of peace until I Samuel 7:13, following the battle of Mizpah where it states, the Philistines were subdued and did not come any more into the territory of Israel. to drive out all idolatrous pagans inhabiting it. Both were so wicked, they were Judges in Beersheba, and Samuel was so old that Israel who wanted to be like the other nations asked for and got a king. Options 2 and 3 give very similar results, however Option 2 is more consistent with our approach for this period. There were clearly people operating in the mind of the Lord, but when we come to the end of the book we find a very . This verse occurs right after the ark has been returned after its capture by the Philistines. Shamgar, son of Anath ( Hebrew: amgar ), is the name of one or possibly two individuals named in the Book of Judges. Also, he has given 32 years total for Samuel and Saul and then gives 12 years for Samuel, so Saul must have a reign of 20 years to maintain consistency with the rest of the book. To me this is schematic and indicates a generation. The alignment between the Judges timeline and the New Chronology is shown in Figure 9. Shamgar merits mention here as one who accomplished something significant and a deliverer of Israel. The complete Judges timeline is shown below in Figure 8 against the orthodox, or standard chronology for Egypt. In chapters 1 through 21 are about a 300 to 350 year historical period that includes a repetitive cycle that Israel goes through as a result of their disobedience to the Word of God. This time the Philistines were their oppressors. In particular, they were not carving monuments in stone, and it seems that their material culture (pottery, jewelry, idols, and the like) was little different from their Canaanite neighbors. Josephus gives a period of 32 years for Samuel and Saul combined in the heading to Antiquities Book 6. Later he married Delilah, also a Philistine woman, whose treachery caused him to fall into the hands of the Philistines. There were 15 Judges or leaders during the period of the Judges, which lasted more than three centuries. [4] See https://patternsofevidence.com/2021/09/24/inscription-provides-bible-archaeology-link/ or more detail. How Long Was Joseph In Potiphars House? The Amarna letters are a collection of correspondence between Egypt and foreign powers, primarily from the reign of Pharaoh Akenaten. The implication from this solution is that not only was Samson in parallel with the 40-year Philistine oppression, but so were Elon and Abdon, and to some extent Ibzan. 11), which took place about 180 years before the battle recorded in Judges 4. The name occurs twice: Unlike the descriptions of Biblical Judges, the first reference to Shamgar has no introduction, conclusion, or reference to the length of reign,[3] and it is not said that he judged Israel. It seems that Cushans kingdom was not familiar to the later compilers and editors of Judges, and so I tend to think that it was not Assyria (though it likely became part of Assyria later). [8] This article is, in fact, my second attempt at a Judges chronology. Sisera realized he had to capture the mountain to subdue the Jewish people. Now make us a king to judge us like all the nations. But the This scripture is the primary basis for what is known as an early exodus, and the early date is the basis for the timeline proposed here. As vassals, the cities of the Philistine pentapolis would have been required to send tribute to Pharoah and their oppression of Israel may be seen simply as a way to acquire resources to meet their Pharaonic obligations. In Judges 3:31, we meet Shamgar. This article will dive into the person of Gideon, what God does to make him an even more unlikely candidate to save Israel, and why it matters for us today. ABIMELECH in Hebrew means: father of a king (bad) 3 years - 1151BC-1149BC. Before we can begin to figure out how to compress everything into the available time, we first need to get a complete picture of what it is that we have to compress. When Amazing Bible Timeline with World History, https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%203:31, http://www.patheos.com/blogs/slacktivist/2011/10/07/bible-stories-shamgar/, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamgar#mediaviewer/File:Speculum_Darmstadt_2505_31r_Sangor.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Swords_in_art#mediaviewer/File:Design_for_a_Swordsmith%27s_Sign,_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg. The only way to make this fit is for Samsons death to coincide (or nearly so) with the end of that 40-year period of oppression. Incio > 2022 > junho > 10 > Uncategorized > how many years did shamgar judge israel. He then breaks this down as a sole reign of 12 years for Samuel followed by a 20-year reign for Saul[5], with Samuel overlapping the first 18 years of Sauls reign (and so a total of 30 years for Samuels judgeship). An oxgoad was a strong stick about eight to 10 feet long and six inches in diameter. Using an ox goad, he was able to slaughter 600 foreign invaders in the region. Abimelech, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, Samson, Eli and Samuel. Thus, when we read about the actions of the Philistines we should see an Egyptian hand pulling the strings. She was a born leader; a prophetess possessing great knowledge, intelligence and charisma. However, the length of the peace that follows is always 40 years or, in Ehuds case, twice 40 = 80 years. The event in which they delivered Israel is not necessarily the beginning of their service as a judge, though it well could be that event which elevates them in status as was clearly the case with Gideon. The main proponent of the New Chronology has been David Rohl whose 1995 book A Test of Time proposed a revised chronology for the Third Intermediate Period in Egypt and looked at the implications of this change to the synchronisms between Egyptian and biblical history. Give Him your heart and your hands. The Amarna Letters, particularly letter EA286. * Abimelech This also makes sense as the Egyptian dominance in this period was continuous and so it would be unlikely for the Israelites to be left alone for long. Two tribes were dependent upon the Lord and concerned about acquiring the territory that belonged to them in the purpose of God, a very noble ideal. The 4th year of Solomon's reign mentioned in 1Kings 6:1 marked the completion of the 40 years of King David. ] Some of them received only a brief mention in the Book of Judges. (9-11) God's deliverance through Othniel. Thus, I believe that the period recorded in Judges ends shortly before the capture of the ark and that event signifies the start of the I Samuel account, with I Samuel 1-3 being back story that occurred during the Judges period. Remember I told you that the book of Judges is more about salvation than about administration or retribution. Deborah mobilized an army led by Barak, who like her was from the tribe of Naftali. The Midianites were, according to modern scholarship, a loose confederation of tribes that lived southeast of Israel on the eastern side of the Gulf of Aqaba. Yavin developed metal-manufacturing foundries used for weaponry. 9, Sala 89, Brusque, SC, 88355-20. VAN SELMS Pretoria In the collection of stories about popular heroes of Israel, which were taken over from oral tradition into the Biblical book of Judges, Shamgar occupies the third place. Tola Sisera came to the tent of a man named Heber the Kenite (Judges 4:11), whose wife, Yael, seduced him and then drove a peg through his temple with a hammer. One of the Judges; son of Anath. The Israelites arrive in Canaan in the reign of Thutmose IV and are established by the reign of Amenhotep III. Othniel (Caleb's nephew), Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah (the lone woman), Gideon, b. 43 years total conquest to first judge, including 8 year oppression, Oppression by Cushan-Rishathaim, King of Mesopotamia, Ant 5.197.