Sci. Among the states, the largest setback was estimated for Amazonas and Par (levels of 2006 for both sexes, 2008 and 2010 for females and 2005 and 2002 for males). Thiounn, T. & Smith, R. C. Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste. Because this recycling method should be amenable to waste polymer as the feedstock, it offers a more sustainable alternative to diaper disposal in a landfill or incineration. Molecules 23, 2870 (2018). The complex viscosity again dropped several orders of magnitude over 24h, at which point no further changes were observed, again suggesting that most crosslinks have been hydrolyzed (Supplementary Fig. Formal training in customer service with. McNeill, I. C. & Sadeghi, S. M. T. Thermal stability and degradation mechanisms of poly(acrylic acid) and its salts: Part 1-poly(acrylic acid). & Garca, J. M. Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. 1, 46 (2017). Revista de Administrao Pblica 54, 678696 (2020). performed the life cycle assessments mentored by J.A. We made the assumption of proportionality between forces of decrement from cause i (or all causes except i) and the force of decrement from all other causes combined8,45. 58, 13471364 (2020). We estimated a reduction of 1.31 years in e0 from 2019 to 2020 (Fig. Duque, D. Auxlio Emergencial faz pobreza cair em plena pandemia. To circumvent these challenges, the water by-product can be selectively removed via azeotropic distillation, or a large excess of alcohol can be employed44,45. Nature Governance ). Stab. {o"yQr8"2ioFq[V We demonstrate herein that our open-loop recycling approach to pressure-sensitive adhesives from superabsorbent polymers outcompetes the petroleum-derived syntheses on nearly every metric, including global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. The magnitude of the COVID-19 death toll was not homogenous across states and was associated with the pattern of spread18. For the base case scenario (absence of COVID-19), we used mortality rates reported in 2019, which we treated as cause-deleted life tables (that is, there were no deaths from COVID-19 in 2019), and applied these to the population at risk to obtain expected deaths in the absence of COVID-19. The estimated decline for Brazil was 0.94 years for both sexes, 0.66 years for females and 1.17 years for males. Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. As of 23 May 2021, P.1 was the most prevalent strain in the country (92% of the samples analyzed)25. CAS Over the last decades, the completeness of death registration has improved steadily in Brazil43, and data completeness is likely to be similar for 2019 and 2020. The superabsorbent polymer provided by P&G is a sodium poly(acrylate) crosslinked via ~0.05mol% poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate co-monomer (PAAP&G)30. Google Scholar. Chem. Res. Clean. 34, 189200 (1991). 2). For candidates working in person or remotely in the below locations, the salary* range for this specific position is $72,960 to $131,328. % Lines represent changes for Brazil. Defined and directed strategic marketing and go-to-market plans. and S.G. conducted data curation. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. 26, 565581 (2000). and M.T.R. Internet Explorer). Among states, Amazonas lost 60.4% of the improvements in e0 since 2000. Faria, N. R. et al. 166, 108304 (2020). The calculation and figure codes required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code. Although durability and strength are advantages of synthetic polymers, these properties are also responsible for their environmental persistence4,5,6. In any recycling effort, it is essential that a life cycle assessment27 is performed to determine the energy and environmental costs. Effect of socioeconomic inequalities and vulnerabilities on health-system preparedness and response to COVID-19 in Brazil: a comprehensive analysis. Google Scholar. Sci. Silveira, M. F. et al. Because in-hospital COVID-19 deaths represent 89% of all COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021, we use them to proxy for the agesex distributions of all COVID-19 deaths. Acc. Commission has launched on 17 May 2022 the LIFE Programme Calls for proposals. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance LIFE-2021-CET-LOCAL - Technical support to clean energy transition plans and strategies in municipalities and regions LIFE-2021-CET-PDA - Disruptive PDA - Technical Assistance to advance market boundaries for sustainable energy investments Given multiple AIG Prestige, AIG EVP Quest and Citi E-Thank You awards for exceeding process target and providing continued assistance to the team.<br><br>SKILLS <br> Experienced in Master Data . Peer review information Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Third, for both 2020 and 2021, we calculated life tables based on the addition of COVID-19 mortality to the mortality pattern of 2019 (DT19). To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. Nature Governance ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Types of action LIFE Project Grants Deadline model single-stage Opening date 13 July 2021 Deadline date 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time Projetos SNAP (os chamados projetos integrados no anterior Regulamento, mas agora especficos ADS The Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme will aim at the protection and restoration of Europe's nature and halting and reversing biodiversity loss. a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (JanuaryApril) to those reported in 2020 (%). In addition to your salary, Elevance Health offers benefits such as, a comprehensive benefits package . The superstar forward is not taking anything for granted on her return to netball. NTO s.15: Managers have full power to dispose of or deal with the land as . )W9N2S33:;Ai / YnM#@w@6~q|,Sq","Kc]FTE^gIK%q4g2J:?1*zK6J./7o#hX&M,5!zbz?-V^mnH)0"2x~&NRO~c_e5j;? Without a change in coordination of pandemic response, expansion of testing and a rapid increase in vaccination, Brazil will soon become a serious threat to national and global health security42. USA 118, e2014746118 (2021). Baqui, P., Bica, I., Marra, V., Ercole, A. J. )fdg{ca8L[2!/5\r>yGFB]Jd0EH|-v6fmxtlv^{@-0x@oOXLx1)&f@4M6"S6,+I"zvM7AC ~z:Wy{wF3JkGZpd\ _] 7N8cPi} Chem. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772 (2021). 2). Adv. c, Bivariate choropleth map of the estimated change in e0 and e65 in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state. The state gap remained roughly the same for both e0 and e65 (Fig. The potential of superabsorbent polymers from diaper wastes to enhance water retention properties of the soil. To obtain Reaction conditions and yields for acid-catalyzed esterification of poly(acrylic acid), acetic acid, and undecanoic acid. % Here we report an open-loop recycling method for these materials that involves (i) decrosslinking via hydrolysis, (ii) an optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) functionalizing via Fischer esterification. Frequently Asked Questions (ed.) 75, 337345 (2002). Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. In Amazonas, male e65 was estimated to decline by 20% from 2019 to 2020. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. 4b,c). Eng. SAP GUI Scripting Security Guide. Chem. In contrast, a common approach used in industry to convert acrylic acid into acrylate esters uses inexpensive alcohols as both the reagent and solvent39,40. & Pimenta, D. N. Community health workers reveal COVID-19 disaster in Brazil. Ching, T. W. et al. Moreover, the life cycle assessments, which utilized soiled diapers as the starting point, demonstrated that these open-loop recycling methods outperform the conventional routes from petroleum-derived feedstocks on nearly every metric, including for the key LCA metrics of global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. We calculated nRx, the age-specific and sex-specific ratio of deaths from all causes other than COVID-19 to deaths inclusive of COVID-19. ISSN 2041-1723 (online). April 2021 was the deadliest month since the pandemic began: nine capital cities reported more deaths than births, and, by 25 April, the number of COVID-19 deaths in 2021 surpassed that reported in 2020. March 2, 2023 - 6:00AM. Across states, the largest declines were estimated for Amazonas (3.14 years), Amap (2.46 years) and Par (2.44 years). T32 AG000037). B Biol. Arena, U., Ardolino, F. & Gregorio, F. D. Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products. These results demonstrate that solvent hydrophobicity improves conversion to the ester. For 2021, as the base case scenario, we calculated the number of deaths that would occur in the absence of COVID-19 (\({\,}_n^ \ast D_x\)). Integrated Projects (all subprogrammes): 19 October 2021 - Concept Note. Teikti paraik ia. The reduction in life expectancy at age 65 (e65) in 2020 was 0.9 years, setting Brazil back to 2012 levels. In 15 states (including the entire Southeast region), this loss was higher among males (Fig. We show that life expectancy in the presence of COVID-19 is equivalent to levels observed in Brazil as far back as 20 or more years in some states. endobj 63/174,000 (filed April 13, 2021). <>/Metadata 190 0 R/ViewerPreferences 191 0 R>> When acetic acid was reacted with 2-ethylhexanol/water, we observed a 94% conversion. The rate of chain scission during sonication is directly proportional to the amount of chain entanglement during sonication35. Percentage loss due to COVID-19 mortality relative to increases in female and male e0 (a) and e65 (b) between 2000 and 2020 by state. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT Nature & Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance 19 , 2021 Alarifi, A. S. & Aouak, T. Synthesis of acrylic or methacrylic acid/acrylate or methacrylate ester polymers using pervaporation. Also in May 2021, the first case of the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), first detected in India, was reported in Brazil26. A 245, 132140 (2006). g;"a"E^X @; From an energetic standpoint, the CED is reduced by 18.8% and 18.6% with the sonication scenarios, and further reduced (by 24.8%) in the scenario without sonication. Lancet Glob. Chang, E. P. Viscoelastic windows of pressure-sensitive adhesives. J. Phys. For decades, mechanical recycling has been used to recover some value from waste polymers, although recycling rates are low2 and the material quality is often reduced. Commercial polyacrylate-based PSAs are often accessed via petroleum-sourced monomers (Fig. 24, 561564 (2021). sub-programme "Climate change mitigation and adaptation to change. Experienced Manager with a demonstrated history of working in the computer software industry. Liang, L. et al. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance - Standard Action Projects (SAP) I progetti relativi a questa call devono essere orientati verso la garanzia di conformit alla legislazione dell'UE in materia di natura e biodiversit e l'accesso alla giustizia mediante: 28, 434439 (2003). Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. stream Google Scholar. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Office of Land and Emergency Management. Picture: Matt Roberts/Getty Images. S1). Ichiura, H., Nakaoka, H. & Konishi, T. Recycling disposable diaper waste pulp after dehydrating the superabsorbent polymer through oxidation using ozone. Il nuovo programma contribuir alla transizione verso un' economia sostenibile, al miglioramento della qualit dell'ambiente e alla tutela della biodiversit. COVID-19 exacerbated inequality, exposing the most vulnerable to food insecurity and severe hunger38,39. Roberts, I. 19, 36923706 (2017). 10, 4153 (2021). Hone, T. et al. What it lacks is leadership commitment to save lives. 239, 255261 (2019). Chem. 4074 https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes (IBGE, Coordenao de Geografia, 2016). Article J. 4). Chem. 61, 25842587 (1939). ACS Sustain. To summarize, we developed a facile and potentially scalable method to synthesize commercially relevant PSAs by open-loop recycling poly(acrylic acid) sourced from a leading diaper manufacturer. Hayes, R. L., Armacost, K. A., Vilseck, J. Presentation(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022), European Climate Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, This site is managed by the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP), Follow the European Commission on social media, Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE), European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu). Science 360, 2829 (2018). First, differences in these period life expectancies capture both direct and indirect mortality effects of COVID-19 in 2020. https://doi.org/10.25561/78670 (Imperial College London, 2020). The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. Expected Impact : Applicants are expected to define, calculate, explain and achieve ambitious and credible impacts in terms of conservation benefit, ensuring at the same time long term sustainability and . Lancet 394, 345356 (2019). Barnes, D. K. A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C. & Barlaz, M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Degrad. Popul. Fundao Oswaldo Cruz. DT19 and DT20 assess the effect of including and excluding, respectively, only deaths for which COVID-19 was listed as the underlying cause on the death certificate. ANDS is a $120M federally funded national infrastructure innovation project to exploit Australia's research data advantage. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) marketGlobal industry analysis, size and forecast. Following multiple decrement life table methods previously used to measure the effect of COVID-19 on life expectancy8,16,17, we calculated two additional sets of estimates of life expectancy decline: (1) the difference between 2020 life expectancy estimated above and a scenario in which COVID-19 mortality has been eliminated from 2020 (DT20; Supplementary Tables 3 and 4 and Methods); and (2) the difference between 2019 life expectancy estimated from 2019 death records and a scenario in which 2019 all-cause mortality has been inflated to include COVID-19 mortality (DT19; Supplementary Tables 5 and 6 and Methods). Preprint at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1 (2021). Abbasi, J. Holmes, L. et al. The results from both of these experiments demonstrate that the equilibrium lies far towards the esterification product. x\[s8~w! & van der Schaar, M. Ethnic and regional variations in hospital mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional observational study. The actual death toll is likely to be higher due to deficient surveillance, limited testing that prevented proper diagnosis, issues of compliance with protocols for reporting a suspected COVID-19 death and location of the death (for example, at home)1,2.
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