(1973). First, the theory aimed to explain how people evaluate the degree to which interpersonal relations are fair. The basis for the effects of LMX on employees is social exchange theory and the norm of reciprocity, which posits that individuals who are treated favourably by others will feel a sense of obligation to reciprocate by responding positively and returning that favourable treatment in some manner. Cost-benefit analysis plays a major role in the social exchange process, but so do expectations. For example, although a sociologist himself, if asked, he would respond that "most sociological theorists are idiots.". What Should Be Done with Equity Theory?. What type of peer relationship do you have with the member of the bank? Scheer, L.K., Kumar, N. & Steenkamp, J.E.M. The impact of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility for harm on victim groups' perceptions of justice, power, and intergroup attitudes. .zc-ref {display: none; }, Dinara Davlembayeva (Business School, University of Kent, UK) & Eleftherios Alamanos (Business School, Newcastle University, UK), Feedback: Email the corresponding author (user='D.Davlembayeva'; domain='kent.ac.uk'; document.write('');), Davlembayeva, D. & Alamanos, E. (2022) Equity Theory: A review. b. competent There are five main principles postulated by the theory. Unlike Social Exchange Theory that argues how people try to maximise rewards and minimise costs in relationships, Equity Theory suggests that partners are concerned about fairness in relationships. Equity Theory Revisited: Comments and Annotated Bibliography. Paraskevaidis P, Andriotis K. Altruism in tourism: Social exchange theory vs altruistic surplus phenomenon in host volunteering. One problem with the onion-layer model of social penetration theory is that it, The researchers who created social penetration theory are, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. George C. Homans. View chapter Purchase book Views. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of passionate love? (1987). Researchers have provided evidence confirming that both procedural and distributive justice lead people to believe that the outcome of relations is favourable for them (Rubenstein, Allen & Bosco, 2019; Chan & Lai, 2017). d. tend to overestimate that similarity Researchers also explored responses to inequity in relations, which take the form of the denial of responsibility for causing harm, victim-blaming and self-affirmation (Scott & Straus, 2007; Burn & Brown, 2006; Iqbal & Bilali, 2018). REFERENT SELECTION IN DETERMINING EQUITY PERCEPTIONS: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON BEHAVIORAL AND ATTITUDINAL OUTCOMES. One of the most basic examples is being asked on a date. The Effect of Codes of Ethics and Personal Denial of Responsibility on Computer Abuse Judgments and Intentions. According to social exchange theory, people evaluate their relationships by analyzing the benefits they feel they might receive through them. In the family context, inequity results from under-benefiting or over-benefiting a party in relations (Sprecher, 2018). Company Reg no: 04489574. Equity Theory has also been used when it came to studying users interaction with information systems. a. protective approach In the wake of COVID-19, study conditions in Europe have changed dramatically. (2003). It was found that the evaluation of perceived fairness by employees of different groups in one division in an organisation made it possible to conclude that the rewards were not considered to be fair if input was higher compared to that of other colleagues (Adams, 1963). John Gorman has established the Four Horsemen, or 4 most dangerous tactics for conflict in romantic relationships. (2015). d. desire those who are similar to us in physical attractiveness When it comes to shopping behaviour, inequity happens when consumers receive benefits and services that have not been anticipated (Oliver, Shor & Tidd, 2004). e. family stories, The degree to which families use communication to emphasize similarity or dissimilarity in attitudes, values, and beliefs is called Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. e. desire those who compliment us, The higher divorce rate for interracial couples is due to . Equity theory holds that employee motivation comes from fair, Adams centered his approach on the aspect of fairness. (1995). Many people value fair treatment, which forms the foundation of motivation. Read 'A Literature of Place' by Barry Lopez and answer the following question. Some researchers suggest that dissatisfaction may be the cause, not the consequence, of perceived inequity. The Social Exchange Theory was created by researchers John W. Thibaut and Harold H. Kelley was an attempt to everyday interpersonal relationships. Darke, P.R. It can be even the person himself/herself, but at another point in time/situation/circumstances. Those variables determine what people bring into relations. Fourth, inequity results in the psychological discomfort due to the inconsistency between personal outcomes and the referent others (Table 1). This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Chapter 10 Quiz - Managing Conflict & Power, Chapter 12 Quiz - Relationships with Family M, Chapter 13 Quiz - Relationships with Friends, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, BA 3350 CH 11 TEST, BA 3350 TEST 12, BA 3350. & Dahl, D.W. (2003). Social Exchange Theory postulates that social relations are rooted in subjective evaluation of the costs and benefits of participating in relations (Blau, 1986; Homans, 1961). e. none of the above, When the beautiful-is-good effect occurs, we tend to perceive others as What relational maintenance strategy is this? According to Social Exchange Theory, trust between organizations results from reciprocal exchanges. According to Marx, the bourgeoisie have the monetary power to gain . Cropanzano, R. & Folger, R. (1989). Equity theory states that employees need a sense of equity in the workplace in order to maintain psychological balance. Depth is measured by how many different aspects of a person's life you are familiar with. A New Perspective on Equity Theory: The Equity Sensitivity Construct. matching your topic, you may use them only as an example of work. Delia Furtado, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. Inequity exists for Person whenever his perceived job inputs and/or outcomes stand psychologically in an obverse relation to what he perceives are the inputs and/or outcomes of Other. Any individual or group used by Person as a referent when he makes social comparisons of his inputs and outcomes. Hence, members of the group will reward fellow members, who treat others equitably and punish those who treat others inequitably (Walster, Berscheid & Walster, 1973). You see him both inside and outside of the office. Equity Theory embraced the prior knowledge under one umbrella to explain individuals motivation to perform a particular behaviour and individuals responses to relations. In response to the performance of a negative behaviour towards another party, an individual can seek punishment from other people (Walster, Berscheid & Walster, 1973). According to the Social Exchange Theory, relational attraction can be described according to all the following EXCEPT: a. benefits b. costs c. comparison level d. uncertainty e. comparison level for alternatives d Which of the following is true of companionate love? Boston Spa, The length of a friendship or romance can play a role in the social exchange process. Social capital theory, social exchange theory, social cognitive theory, financial literacy, and the role of knowledge sharing as a moderator in enhancing financial well-being: from bibiometric analysis to a conceptual framework model, Altruism in tourism: Social exchange theory vs altruistic surplus phenomenon in host volunteering, Politics of respectability, colorism, and the terms of social exchange in family research. Downward comparison principles in social psychology. It was found that positive behaviour of employees can be secured by subjecting employees to fair procedures irrespective of the equitable distribution of rewards compared to other employees in the organisation (Moorman, 1991). according to social exchange theory inequity results when. Conflicts can be described as having all the following characteristics EXCEPT, The degree to which families believe communication should be emphasized similarity or dissimilarities in attitudes, values and beliefs is called. What seemed unfair in the beginning may become a norm as relationships progress, or the partner who gives more may start working even harder on the relationship until the balance is restored. native analysis of social exchange theory (Romans, 1961; Thibaut & Kelley, 199). Understanding the link between communication satisfaction, perceived justice and organizational citizenship behavior. a. in the organization who have higher status b. greater exposure leads to greater attraction Equity Theory was adopted to investigate the role of perceived relationship power in dating relations. Vouem, L., Kramer, S. & Schffer, U. a. family rituals These results highlight a culture bias in this area of research and suggest that Equity Theory does not explain the development of romantic relationships in all cultures. e. consensual family, Families that are both high in conversation and conformity orientation are called Such a conclusion comes from the first assumption of the theory, which postulates that people in social exchange relations strive to maximise personal benefits, disregarding the cooperative relations people may engage in (Walster, Berscheid & Walster, 1973; Adams, 1963). Which of the following is not true of people who use collaborative approaches to manage conflict? When this honeymoon period finally comes to an end, there will often be a gradual evaluation of the exchange balance. Sprecher, S. (2018). For example, the equitable needs fulfilment suggested by the theory, successfully predicted information systems implementation (Au, Ngai & Cheng, 2008). For example, in the organisational context, inequity happens whenever employees inputs (education, qualification, responsibilities) and outputs (bonuses, salary and job security) are psychologically obverse to what an employee thinks that other people receive (Festinger, 1962; Vouem, Kramer & Schffer, 2016; Kim, Edwards & Shapiro, 2015). It was found that the behavioural approach to restoring inequity (Feldman, 1968) and equity perception (Weick, Bougon & Maruyama, 1976) varies across cultures, and the personal profit-maximization norm may not hold true universally for all people (Huseman, Hatfield & Miles, 1987). The perception of online justice indirectly affects value co-creation behaviour, mediated by the sense of a virtual community (Chou, Lin & Huang, 2016). Which of the following is NOT true of gender differences in love? (2010). Proposition II. According to this theory, people weigh the potential benefits and risks of their social relationships. In your annual evaluation, your supervisor expressed concern that you are closed-minded and tend to be right in your thinking. a. the longer you are with your partner, the less you feel it The example of generalised internal standards is when employees use referent bonus targets set by the company to evaluate the fairness of bonus payments (Vouem, Kramer & Schffer, 2016). e. consensual families, Interpersonal conflict is a common result of which approach to managing family conflict? For example, it is perfectly normal for many people to put in more than they receive at the beginning of a relationship, but if it carries on like that for too long, it will lead to dissatisfaction. However, if it becomes a pattern, feelings of resentment and guilt can start to build, creating a point of contention between the two. The balanced exchange of support between family members was confirmed to determine the quality of relations (Sechrist et al., 2014). of 33 /33. Chan, S.H.J. a. inter/actionist b. social exchange c. structural/functional d. conflict/critical Equity and Social Exchange in Dating Couples: Associations With Satisfaction, Commitment, and Stability Article Mar 2004 J MARRIAGE FAM Susan Sprecher View Show abstract New evidence for the. Things that would normally be viewed as high cost are dismissed, ignored, or minimized, while potential benefits are often exaggerated. Kim, T., Edwards, J.R. & Shapiro, D.L. a. conformity orientation The development of the theory was needed to help understand how the fairness of exchange between an employer and employee is formed and propose ways to regulate the outcome of relations. The inability to explain the perception of fairness was the primary concern for employers and governments, because it underlined the employees behaviour and attitudes towards organisations (Adams, 1963). Which of the following is NOT an important strategy for maintaining healthy family relationships suggested by your text? South Korea was the 5th most equal country in the world in 2019, however economic inequality is growing. Having identified the variables involved in the evaluation of inequity, inequity was conceptualised as a misbalance between the personal input/output of relations and the observed input/output of relations of other people (Adams, 1963). West Yorkshire, Thibaut and Kelley were both social psychologists and Blau was a sociologist and theorist. Emerson R. Social exchange theory. When employees are paid for performance, though, the evaluation of reward can be detrimental to employees positive performance. The rationale for using the social comparison principle in Equity Theory stemmed from prior evidence. The theory aimed to have organisational and social implications. There is some supporting evidence from animal studies as well. e. none of the above, Chapter 12 Quiz - Relationships with Family M, Chapter 13 Quiz - Relationships with Friends, CMST 2010 Rasner Final Exam (true/false state, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. The equity sensitivity variable has been widely applied in research to explain the deviation of the perception of rewards and inputs in relations, based on individuals psychometric characteristics (Bourdage et al., 2018; Davlembayeva, Papagiannidis & Alamanos, 2021). The fair sharing of profits (benefits) between self and the employer. The greater the inequity, the stronger is the distress that people feel (Walster, Berscheid & Walster, 1973; Adams, 1963). Leadership for social justice in Hong Kong schools. Im sure this is the right direction, said Cecily, looking at her compass. Boston House, One of the more memorable statements of Barack Obama's presidency thus far has been his claim, in a high-profile December 2013 speech, that great and growing economic inequality is .
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